How Cells Work

Question 1

The Central Dogma

Answer 1

Replication, Transcription and Translation

Question 2

What is needed in Replication?

Answer 2

DNA Polymerase - covalently linking nucleotides
E.coli - containing Pol l, ll, lll)
Pol l - hydrolyzes an RNA primer and duplicates single stranded DNA regions
Pol lll - mediates addition of nucleotides to an RNA Primer

Question 3

How to initiate Nucleotide synthesis?

Answer 3

An RNA primer is required which is made by the enzyme RNA polymerase

Question 4

Stages of Replication

Answer 4

Strands separate > RNA primer synthesised > DNA synthesised used DNA polymerase III > RNA primer removed by DNA polymerase I, space filled in by DNA polymerase I

Question 5

What happens in DNA Elongation Reaction?

Answer 5

DNA nucleotide triphosphate releases energy and pyrophosphate (constituent monomers of the DNA molecule)

Question 6

Three products of Transcription

Answer 6

mRNA - encoding of a chemical blueprint for a protein product
tRNA - Recognises three letter code sets and provides the corresponding amino acid
rRNA - central part of the ribosome equipment for producing proteins

Question 7

Two major subcomponents of RNA Polymerase

Answer 7

Core Enzyme - contains the catalytic site
Sigma Factor - a protein which is essential for locating the appropriate beginning for the message
Holoenzyme