HIV

Question 1

What ways can HIV be transmitted in?

Answer 1

Sexual contact 
Transfusion
Contaminated needles
Perinatal transmission 
(Transplacental, infected birth canal delivery, breast milk with virus)

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of HIV infection?

Answer 2

primary infection
Latent infection
Symptomatic infection
Severe (AIDS)

Question 3

What defines AIDS stage?

Answer 3

CD4 < 200

Question 4

What might be seen during primary HIV infection?

Answer 4

Seroconversion
Asymptomatic (+/- flu like symptoms which go away)
Viral count down
CD4 count down initially then recovers

Question 5

In severe HIV (AIDs) what manifestations of the disease would you see in the:
Brain
Mouth/ throat
Lungs

Answer 5

Brain
- Cryptococcal meningitis 
- AIDs dementia complex
Mouth and throat 
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- Oral candidiasis 
Lungs
- PCP and TB

Question 6

Toxoplasmosis is often seen alongside HIV, what some key symptoms?

What is the causative microbe?

Answer 6

Toxoplasma gondii

Aching muscles, tiredness, sore throat, swollen glands

Question 7

What causes cryptococcal disease in HIV and what are some manifestations?

Answer 7

Cryptococcosis neoformans

Encaphilits
Cellulitis
UTI

Question 8

What are some symptoms of HIV associated CMV infections?

Answer 8

Visual defects

Question 9

What are some symptoms of cryptosporidiosis??

Answer 9

Watery diarrhoea, abdominal cramps