History Yr09 Sum1

Question 1

1.1 pressure groups

Answer 1

Anti-Saloon League - lobbied for alcohol to be banned, and the Women’s Anti Temperance Union was one of a number of religious organizations that pushed for prohibition. This led to the Volstead Act being voted for in 1919.

Question 2

1.1 Wall Street Crash

Answer 2

• American factories were overproducing and profits began to fall.
• Black Thursday, 24 Oct 1929, 13 million shares were sold. This led to panic selling.
• 16 million shares were sold on Black Tuesday (29 Oct)

Question 3

1.2 Hoovers actions

Answer 3

• ‘Rugged individualism’.
• Set up the Reconstruction Finance Corp which lend money to businesses in trouble and farmers.
• Made $300 million available to states.
• 1930 introduced Hawley Smoot Tariff Act which put a higher tax on imported goods.

Question 4

1.2 Prohibition agents

Answer 4

1500 enforcement agents to cover America. 3000 agents by 1930 (to cover a total of 18600 miles of coastline). At most there were 4000 agents.

Question 5

1.3 Great Depression

Answer 5

• 800 banks collapsed in the first year. 9 million bank accounts wiped out.
• By 1932 Unemployment reached 13 million, around 25% of the country.
• House-building fell by 80 per cent between 1929 and 1932.
• By 1932 1 in 20 farmers had been evicted.

Question 6

1.3 society

Answer 6

Gangs ran speakeasies which sold alcohol from bootleggers. They sold moonshine. Deaths from alcohol poisoning went up from 98 in 1920 to 800 in 1926. By 1930s there were around 200,000 speakeasies.

Question 7

1.4 crime/gangs

Answer 7

Al Capone’s gang used Prohibition to make a lot of money. Violent acts like St Valentine’s day massacre were caused by prohibition.

Question 8

2.1 1932 election

Answer 8

• Roosevelt promised a New Deal
• He undertook whistle stop tours
• Won 42 of 48 states

Question 9

2.1 Jim Crow Laws

Answer 9

Despite being freed from slavery in 1865 the Jim Crow Laws enforced segregation (separate but equal). The American Red Cross kept African-American blood donations separate in their blood banks. African-Americans were prevented from voting.

Question 10

2.2 lynching

Answer 10

Over 100 African-Americans were lynched in 1897, 84 in 1903 and 61 in 1921. Between 1919 and 1925, 300 were lynched.

Question 11

2.2 New Deal

Answer 11

• Emergency Banking Act: Closed all banks for a 4 day bank holiday, every bank was inspected, government lent money to some banks, when banks reopened $1 million was put back in.
• Economy Act: Cut the pay of the government armed forced by 15% saving $1 billion.
• Beer Act: Ended prohibition.

Question 12

2.3 Alphabet Agencies

Answer 12

• AAA: Paid farmers to produce less. Between 1933 and 39 farmers incomes doubles.
• National Recovery Administration: Encouraged workers and employers to have a code of fair conditions in workplaces.
• Tennessee Valley Authority: Provided work building dams and electric power stations along the river.
• CCC: Employed 2.5 million 18-25 year olds to work in the country side.

Question 13

2.3 migration

Answer 13

Nearly 2 million African-Americans left the south and headed north in the 20s to find work and greater freedom.

Question 14

2.4 Ku Klux Klan

Answer 14

Founded in the 1860s to terrorise Black Americans. 1915 film, Birth of a Nation, was shown at the White House which showed the KKK in a favourable light. By 1925, KKK membership was at 5 million. In 1925, the KKK leader, David Stephenson was convicted of a brutal kidnapping and KKK membership dropped.

Question 15

3.1 Left

Answer 15

Huey Long felt it did not go far enough. He wanted to confiscate fortunes over $5 million and share them out. Francis Townsend wanted everyone to retire and give more jobs to younger people

Question 16

3.1 Russian Revolution

Answer 16

There was a revolution in 1917 that saw Communists take over. This made America fear that communism would spread to America and they feared immigrants because of this.

Question 17

3.2 Immigration

Answer 17

Between 1820 and 1920, around 35 million immigrants came to America. In the 1920s, the government began passing laws to prevent as much immigration.

Question 18

3.2 Right

Answer 18

Republicans felt the New Deal went too far.

Question 19

3.3 fear of communism

Answer 19

Led to things such as the Palmer Raids. This was where the Attorney General, Palmer, arrested around 6000 suspected communists. The only found 3 pistols and no explosives.

Question 20

3.3 Supreme Court

Answer 20

Some of Roosevelts measures were considered beyond his power. It struck down the AAA.

Question 21

3.4 Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 21

Two immigrants accused of murder. They were found to carry leaflets about anarchism. Despite evidence to suggest they were not there on the night of the murder, they were put to the electric chair in 1927.

Question 22

4.1 Successes

Answer 22

Provided work for skilled and unskilled workers. Unions were able to grow under the Wagner Act. 200,000 Black Americans were employed by the CCC and 10,000 women.

Question 23

4.2 Failures

Answer 23

Unemployment was still at 9 million by 1939.