History WW1 - inter - 11

Question 1

What was the Triple Alliance?

Answer 1

A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (later Italy left; the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined).

Question 2

What was the Triple Entente?

Answer 2

An alliance between France, Russia, and Britain (later included the U.S. and others).

Question 3

What are the main causes of World War I?

Answer 3

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism (MAIN).

Question 4

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Answer 4

Germany’s failed strategy to quickly defeat France before turning to Russia.

Question 5

What was the Rape of Belgium?

Answer 5

German war crimes against Belgian civilians during invasion.

Question 6

What were the major battles of WWI?

Answer 6

Marne, Verdun, Somme, Gallipoli; Verdun and Somme were bloodbaths, Gallipoli was a failed Allied invasion of Ottoman Turkey.

Question 7

What is Total War?

Answer 7

Mobilization of all society’s resources for war.

Question 8

What is propaganda?

Answer 8

Government-controlled messaging to influence public opinion.

Question 9

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

Answer 9

A treaty where Russia exited WWI, giving Germany territory.

Question 10

What was unrestricted submarine warfare?

Answer 10

German U-boat attacks on ships without warning.

Question 11

What was the Lusitania?

Answer 11

A British ship sunk by Germany, killing Americans, escalating tensions.

Question 12

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

Answer 12

Germany’s secret message to Mexico, urging attack on the U.S.

Question 13

What was the Weimar Republic?

Answer 13

Germany’s weak democratic government post-WWI.

Question 14

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 14

A treaty that ended WWI, heavily punishing Germany.

Question 15

Who were Clemenceau and Lloyd George?

Answer 15

Leaders of France (Clemenceau) and Britain (Lloyd George) at Versailles.

Question 16

What were Wilson’s 14 Points?

Answer 16

U.S. President Wilson’s plan for peace; included League of Nations.

Question 17

What is national self-determination?

Answer 17

The right of nations to govern themselves.

Question 18

What are reparations?

Answer 18

War payments Germany had to make.

Question 19

What is the war guilt clause?

Answer 19

Blamed Germany for WWI.

Question 20

Who is Erich Maria Remarque?

Answer 20

Author of All Quiet on the Western Front, a WWI novel.

Question 21

Who was Wilfred Owen?

Answer 21

A British war poet.

Question 22

What is Dulce et Decorum Est?

Answer 22

Owen’s poem condemning war.

Question 23

What is a war of attrition?

Answer 23

Strategy of wearing down the enemy through constant losses.

Question 24

Who was Mustafa Kemal Ataturk?

Answer 24

Founder of modern Turkey, led Turkish War of Independence.

Question 25

What were the Young Turks?

Answer 25

A reform group that led the Ottoman Empire into WWI.

Question 26

What was the Committee of Union & Progress (CUP)?

Answer 26

Young Turk political party.

Question 27

Who were the Three Pashas?

Answer 27

Leaders responsible for Armenian Genocide.

Question 28

What is Turkification?

Answer 28

Enforced cultural homogenization in Turkey.

Question 29

What was the emancipation of women?

Answer 29

Ataturk’s reforms promoting women's rights.

Question 30

What was the Armenian Genocide?

Answer 30

Ottoman mass killing of Armenians in WWI.

Question 31

What were the Hamidian Massacres?

Answer 31

Pre-WWI mass killings of Armenians under Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

Question 32

What is diaspora?

Answer 32

Dispersal of a people from their homeland.

Question 33

What is Goodbye, Antoura?

Answer 33

Memoir about Armenian orphans during genocide.

Question 34

What is communism?

Answer 34

Classless, stateless society where all property is shared.

Question 35

What is a Soviet?

Answer 35

Worker councils in Russia.

Question 36

What is Petrograd?

Answer 36

Russian city (St. Petersburg) key in the revolution.

Question 37

Who was Nicholas II?

Answer 37

Last Tsar of Russia.

Question 38

Who were Nikolai Gogol and Alexander Pushkin?

Answer 38

Russian writers.

Question 39

What was Khodynka Field (1896)?

Answer 39

Celebration stampede that killed many under Nicholas II.

Question 40

What was Bloody Sunday (1905)?

Answer 40

Tsar’s troops fired on peaceful protesters.

Question 41

Who was Tsarina Alexandra?

Answer 41

Nicholas II’s wife, influenced by Rasputin.

Question 42

Who was Rasputin?

Answer 42

Mystic who advised Russian royals.

Question 43

What was the Russo-Japanese War?

Answer 43

Russia’s defeat to Japan in 1905.

Question 44

What were problems with WWI?

Answer 44

High casualties, economic strain, weak leadership.

Question 45

What were the February & October Revolutions?

Answer 45

Overthrew the Tsar (Feb) and installed Bolsheviks (Oct).

Question 46

Who were Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin?

Answer 46

Leaders of the Soviet Union.

Question 47

What was the Provisional Government?

Answer 47

Temporary gov't between Tsar and Bolsheviks.

Question 48

What was the Russian Civil War?

Answer 48

War between Bolsheviks (Reds) and anti-Bolsheviks (Whites).

Question 49

What was the Cheka?

Answer 49

Soviet secret police.

Question 50

What is the NEP (New Economic Policy)?

Answer 50

Lenin’s temporary capitalism to fix the economy.

Question 51

What was the Red Terror?

Answer 51

Communist campaign of arrests and executions.

Question 52

What is Comintern?

Answer 52

International communist organization.

Question 53

What are Five Year Plans?

Answer 53

Stalin’s plans for rapid industrialization.

Question 54

What is collectivization?

Answer 54

State seizure of farms.

Question 55

What are kulaks / dekulakization?

Answer 55

Wealthy peasants targeted under Stalin.

Question 56

What is socialist realism?

Answer 56

Art promoting communism.

Question 57

What is a cult of personality?

Answer 57

Glorification of a leader (e.g., Stalin).

Question 58

What were purges, show trials, and gulags?

Answer 58

Stalin’s repression and prison camps.

Question 59

Who was Sun Yat-sen?

Answer 59

Founder of modern China.

Question 60

What are the Three People’s Principles?

Answer 60

Nationalism, democracy, livelihood.

Question 61

Who was Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)?

Answer 61

Leader of China’s Nationalists.

Question 62

What is the Kuomintang (KMT)?

Answer 62

Chinese Nationalist Party.

Question 63

What was the May 4th Movement?

Answer 63

Chinese protests against imperialism.

Question 64

Who was Mao Zedong?

Answer 64

Leader of Chinese Communists.

Question 65

What is the CCP (Chinese Communist Party)?

Answer 65

Communist Party of China.

Question 66

What was the Long March?

Answer 66

Communist retreat from KMT forces.

Question 67

Who was Lu Xun?

Answer 67

Chinese writer.

Question 68

What is Diary of a Madman?

Answer 68

Lu Xun’s critique of Chinese society.

Question 69

Who was Hirohito?

Answer 69

Emperor of Japan during WWII.

Question 70

What was the Meiji Restoration?

Answer 70

Modernization of Japan in the 1860s.

Question 71

What is a constitutional monarchy?

Answer 71

Government where monarch has limited power.

Question 72

What is Kokutai?

Answer 72

Japanese national identity emphasizing imperial rule.

Question 73

What are zaibatsu?

Answer 73

Powerful Japanese business conglomerates.

Question 74

What was the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?

Answer 74

Japan’s imperialist plan for Asia.

Question 75

What is State Shinto?

Answer 75

Government use of Shinto to justify rule.

Question 76

What was the Mukden Incident?

Answer 76

Japanese staged attack used as pretext to invade Manchuria.

Question 77

What is appeasement?

Answer 77

Policy of giving Hitler land to avoid war.

Question 78

What is blitzkrieg?

Answer 78

German 'lightning war' strategy.

Question 79

What was Operation Barbarossa?

Answer 79

Germany’s invasion of the USSR.

Question 80

What was Stalingrad?

Answer 80

Turning point battle in the Eastern Front.

Question 81

What was Pearl Harbor?

Answer 81

Japan’s attack on the U.S. on December 7, 1941.

Question 82

What was D-Day?

Answer 82

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944.

Question 83

What were Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

Answer 83

U.S. atomic bombings of Japan.

Question 84

What was the Nanking Massacre?

Answer 84

Japanese war crimes in China.

Question 85

What are comfort women?

Answer 85

Women forced into sexual slavery by Japan.

Question 86

What was the Bataan Death March?

Answer 86

Brutal forced march of U.S. POWs in the Philippines.

Question 87

What was the August 1 Kill-All Order?

Answer 87

Japanese order to execute all POWs.

Question 88

What were the firebombing of Dresden and Tokyo?

Answer 88

U.S. bombing campaigns.

Question 89

What is Just War Theory?

Answer 89

Ethics of war.

Question 90

What is proportionality of means?

Answer 90

Balancing military necessity vs. destruction.