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Surgery > History Taking > Flashcards

History Taking Flashcards

1
Q

What are the presenting complaints for Trauma?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Swelling
  3. Deformity
  4. Inability to bear weight
  5. Inability to walk
  6. Loss of function
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2
Q

What are the On-direct questions you ask for a Trauma case?

A
  1. Loss of consciousness
  2. Chest pains
  3. Hematuria
  4. Hematemesis
  5. Ability to walk after trauma
  6. Vomiting
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3
Q

What is the effect of cigarette smoking on wound healing?

A

Slows down wound healing

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4
Q

The summary of a trauma case is composed of ?

A
  1. Age
  2. PC + Duration
  3. Positive Symptoms
  4. Important Negatives
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5
Q

A trauma injury can be?

A

Low, moderate or high energy injury

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6
Q

What is Myomectomy?

A

It is the surgical removal of fibroids from the uterus

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7
Q

What is the full meaning of ATLS?

A

Advanced Trauma Life Support

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8
Q

When is ATLS used?

A

For high energy trauma injury

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9
Q

What is Primary Survey?

A

It is the rapid survey of the patient from head to tail

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10
Q

In primary survey what are the 6 alphabets we look at?

A 
A - Airway
B - Breathing & Ventilatory Support
C - Circulation & control of external hemorrhage
D - Disability
E - Exposure and Environment
F - Finger & Tubes in every orifices
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11
Q

Mention one equipment for ventilatory support ?

A

Ambu bag

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12
Q

What do you access for during the D of primary survey?

A
  1. Patient’s consciousness

2. AVPU - Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsiveness

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13
Q

What is GCS?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

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14
Q

What is the Glasgow Coma scale used for?

A

It is a clinical scale used to reliably measure a person’s level of consciousness after a brain injury such as a car accident

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15
Q

Where in the primary survey is the Glasgow Coma scale used?

A

D - Disability

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16
Q

What do you do during the F stage of primary survey?

A
  1. Drain the urinary bladder

2. Vaginal, anal and bladder examination

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17
Q

What do you check for first in an unconscious patient?

A

Breathing

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18
Q

What is the secondary survey?

A

All other inquiries after identifying inquires that pose immediate threat to life

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19
Q

What is tertiary survey?

A

A careful and complete examination followed by serial assessments help recognize missed injuries and related problems, allowing a definitive care management

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20
Q

What are the 3 things to be done during physical examination of a trauma case?

A

Look, Feel, Move

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21
Q

During Physical examination of a trauma case you look for ?

A

Swelling etc

22
Q

During Physical examination of a trauma case you feel for ?

A
  1. Tenderness

2. Crepitus

23
Q

Crepitus is a physical sign of a

A

Fracture

24
Q

During Physical examination of a trauma case what do you move?

A
  1. Joint above and below the injury
25
Q

In testing for the nerve function of the limbs what do you test for?

A

Sensation and motor function

26
Q

Effect of hypogonadism on weight?

A

Leads to increase in weight gain

27
Q

Genu valgum is commonly known as?

A

Knock-knee

28
Q

What is hypogonadism?

A

Occurs when your sex glands produce little or no sex hormones.

29
Q

What are the 2 types of hypogonadism?

A
  1. Primary hypogonadism

2. Central (secondary) hypogonadism

30
Q

Primary hypogonadism is due to

A

Malfunctioning gonads

31
Q

Central (secondary) hypogonadism is due to

A

Malfunctioning hypothalamus and pituitary gland

32
Q

What are the hormones to test for in hypogonadism?

A
  1. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  2. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  3. Estrogen level
  4. Testosterone level
33
Q

The two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland?

A
  1. Triiodothyronine (T3) 2. Thyroxine (T4)
34
Q

Which hormones does the Thyroid Function Test test for?

A
  1. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

2. Thyroxine (T4)

35
Q

How does hypothyroidism cause weight gain?

A

When your thyroid makes less of its hormones your metabolism slows down which slows down the rate at which you burn off calories and you’ll gain weight.

36
Q

What is the difference between Valgus and Varus?

A

Whenever the distal part is more lateral, it is called valgus whiles whenever the distal part is more medial, it is called varus.

37
Q

What is Hemiepiphysiodesis?

A

Guided growth is a minimally invasive surgical procedure where a tension-band plate (also called a guided growth plate) is applied to a crooked bone to gradually straighten it as a child or adolescent grows

38
Q

A tension-band plate is aka

A

Guided growth plate

39
Q

Hemiephiphysiodesis is aka?

A

Guided growth

40
Q

Medial collateral ligament (MCL) is aka

A

Tibial collateral ligament (TCL)

41
Q

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) is aka

A

Fibular collateral ligament

42
Q

What is a Nonunion fracture?

A

It is a permanent failure of healing following a broken bone unless intervention (such as surgery) is performed

43
Q

What is Strabismus?

A

It’s a condition in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object

44
Q

Strabismus is aka

A

Crossed eye

45
Q

Give 3 types of Strabismus?

A
  1. Estropia
  2. Exotropia
  3. Hypertropia
46
Q

What is Exotropia?

A

A form of strabismus where the eyes are deviated outward

47
Q

What is Estropia?

A

A form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turns inward

48
Q

What is Hypertropia?

A

Visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye

49
Q

What is Hypotropia?

A

Eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye.

50
Q

What is a goniometer?

A

It’s an instrument that either measures an angle or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position.

51
Q

Causes of wound dehiscence

A 
Diabetes mellitus
Uremia
Hypoalbunemia
Sepsis
Inadequate closure
Obesity
Poor wound healing
Increased intraabdominal pressure
Corticosteroid use
Immunosuppression

Surgery (3 decks)

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