History of Osteopathic Med 1 Flashcards
What happened that allowed Dr. Still to have access to so many cadavers in his study of anatomy?
Cholera epidemic; Got tribal permission and had access to Indian cadavers
What duties did Dr. Still do during the Civil War?
Served in Union Army; ardent abolitionist
Duties of a surgeon but was officially recorded as hospital steward
More of a combat officer in the 22nd Kansas Militia
Battle of Westport
A.T. Still was involved; in KC
Gettysburg of the West; Oct. 23, 1864 at the Big Blue River
Ended the last significant Confederate operation West of the Mississippi
One of the largest Civil War battles fought West of the Mississippi–30,000 soldiers, 3000 casualties total
What happened to 4 of Dr. Still’s children and how did these events shape his thoughts on medicine of the day?
In February 1864, 3 of Still’s children die of spinal meningitis followed by the infant daughter Marcia lone due to pneumonia
1864-1873 returned to farming and formulated thoughts on OM–was dissatisfied with orthodox medicine and its failures; felt there was better way to treat patients
What significance did the events of his children play in founding of Osteopathy?
was dissatisfied with orthodox medicine and its failures; felt there was better way to treat patients
What were some of the discoveries of medicine and science in the world during the times of the development of Osteopathic medicine? How did they relate to Dr. Still’s thought processes?
Claude Bernard–homeostasis concept 1855
Etinne Jules Marey–Sphygmograph 1863
Joseph Lister–phenol as disinfectant 1865
Ignaz Semmelweiss–handwashing bw patients 1847 (but dies of fever 8/13/65)
Robert Koch–finds anthrax causing bacteria 1876
Pasteur–weakened bacteria stimulates immune system (tests on sheep)1879–vaccination
Nils Finsen–UV light as antibacterial; X-ray use began 1896
William Halstead–rubber gloves in 1890
First local anesthetic–1905
Meds for dysmenorrhea
Heroic medicine–conquer disease through force and drugs
Still believed they did not work–searched for more effective method of healing
What is the date that Dr. Still Flung to the breeze the banner of Osteopathy?
June 22, 1874
What are the 4 basic principles of Osteopathic Medicine and philosophy?
- Body is unit; person is unit of body, mind, and spirit
- Body is capable of self regulation, self healing, and health maintenance
- Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
- Rational treatment is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function
Explain the basic philosophy of Osteopathic medicine as noted in the Kirksville consensus of 1953
- Osteopathy= philosophy, science and art
- Philosophy embraces concept of unity of body structure and function in health and disease
- Science includes chemical, physical and biological sciences related to health maintainance and prevention, cure and alleviation of disease
- Its art is the application of philosophy and science in practice of OM and surgery in all its branches and specialties
- Health is based on natural capacity of human organism to resist and combat noxious influences in the environment and to compensate for their effects; to meet with adequate reserve, the usual stresses of life and stresses imposed by extremes of env and activity
- Disease=when natural capacity is reduced or overcome by toxins
- Most important factors that impair capacity=dsyfunctions of MSK
- physician deals with patient and disease
Where did Dr. Still first introduce his ideas and how were they received?
Presented his thoughts and ideas at Baker University (he helped form this school)
1876–preacher declares Still a satanic; said only Christ heals with hands
Still evicted from church and moved to Kirksville MO
What was the response to Dr. Still’s way of practice after going to Kirksville, MO?
Response: “Miracles”, “Magnetic healer,” Lightning bone setter
Lot of demand so Still tried appreteiceships and operator classes for assistants to help but this failed–they lacked still’s knowledge of anatomy and body function
How did Dr. Still deal with the response?
See previous–trained more people but failed bc they didn’t have the anatomy knowledge that he did
When was the first school of Osteopathy opened and what was its name? Who were the faculty of the first school?
October 3, 1892
The American School of Osteopathy (ASO)
Faculty= Still and William Smith, MD
What was the name of the organization that preceeded the American Osteopathic Foundation?
1897–American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO)
Who is Dr. Adam Flexner and what is the significance of his contribution to medical education?
1910 Flexner authored report on state of medical education in US
- harsh criticism of MD and DO training
- closed many schools; only 8 DO schools left after the report
