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Bio 8 Unit 4 > History Of DNA Discovery > Flashcards

History Of DNA Discovery Flashcards

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1
Q

He was the first one to discover the DNA

A

Friedrich Miescher

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2
Q

It is a molecule that is slightly acidic, with a high percentage of phosphorus.

A

Nuclein

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3
Q

He isolated DNA as a slimy substance from the nuclei of pus cells

A

Friedrich Miescher

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4
Q

The building blocks of nucleic acid

A

Nucleotide

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5
Q

It has high phosphorus content and proteolysis

A

Nucleic acid

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6
Q

known for histetranucleotide hypothesis which proposed that DNA was made up of equal amounts of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

A

Phoebus Levene

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7
Q

He discovered the three major components of single nucleotide

A

Phoebus Levene

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8
Q

What are the three major components of nucleotide

A

sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA)
phosphate group
nitrogen-containing base

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9
Q

laid the foundation for determining base pairing in DNA by observing the amount of the fournitrogenous basesfound in different samples of DNA

A

Erwin Chargaff

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10
Q

She was the first to discover the structure of DNA

A

Rosalind Franklin

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11
Q

The discovered that the DNA is double stranded in April 1953

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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12
Q

In 1963 Watson and Crick was awarded with

A

Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine

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13
Q

Who are the first scientists to formulate an accurate description of DNA’s double helical structure

A

Watson and Crick

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14
Q

A process in which a chemical substance from dead cells can transform living cells

A

Transformation

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15
Q

He’s the one who conducted the experiment on bacterial transformation

A

Frederick Griffith

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16
Q

They showed that DNA is a substance that transforms bacteria

A

Avery, MacLeod and McCarty

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17
Q

They provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material of T2 ohage

A

Hershey and Chase

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18
Q

In 1868, he started the saga of DNA when he isolated Nuclein

A

Friedrich Miescher

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19
Q

1910, he was known for Tetra nucleotide hypothesis

A

Phoebus Levene

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20
Q

1928, transforming principle

A

Griffith

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21
Q

1953, structure of DNA

A

Watson and Crick

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22
Q

He was from King’s College, London. A nuclear physicist.

A

Maurice Wilkins

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23
Q

He was a grad student under Wilkins who produced an x-ray

A

Raymond Gosling

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24
Q

If DNA was the gene material then the

A

gene could be crystallize

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25
Q

This sparks Watson’s interest in DNA

A

Photograph of DNA - crystalline structure

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26
Q

English physical chemist and x-ray crystallographer expert

A

Rosalind Franklin

27
Q

Franklin previously worked on x-ray diffraction pattern in

A

Coal and carbon

28
Q

What are the 2 forms of DNA Franklin discovered

A

A form - dehydrated
B form - hydrated

29
Q

Franklin opposed what

A

Model building of DNA

30
Q

He solved the basic mathematics of helical diffraction theory

A

Alec Stokes

31
Q

In March 1952, he photographed the PHOTOGRAPH 51 and gave it to Franklin

A

Raymond Gosling

32
Q

American chemist, biochemist, peace
activist

A

Linus Pauling

33
Q

Contributions to science include
discovery of alpha helix
and beta sheet structure of proteins,
quantum chemistry
resonance work and the discovery of
sickle cell anemia as
a molecular disease

A

Linus Pauling

34
Q

Early 1953, he announced that he discovered the DNA structure

A

Linus Pauling

35
Q

Describe Pauling structure of DNA

A

3 helix structure

36
Q

Australian chemist who pioneered paper chromatography of nucleic acids

A

Erwin Chargaff

37
Q

The sugar found in DNA

A

Deoxyribose

38
Q

A information molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of organisms

A

DNA

39
Q

The shorter segments of DNA

A

Genes

40
Q

It stores direction for making proteins

A

DNA

41
Q

What are the structure of DNA

A

Universal storage molecule of all organisms

Polymers

DNA monomers are called nucleotides

42
Q

4 biological functions of DNA

A

 DNA polymers direct the production of other polymers
called proteins.

 A chromosome consists of smaller segments called genes.

 Each gene is further divided into three nucleotide
subsegments called codons

 codon from the original DNA gene is matched with its
corresponding amino acid

43
Q

Theory that stating that genetic information flows only in one direction

A

The central dogma

44
Q

Create new copies of DNA

A

Replication

45
Q

Creates a RNA using DNA information

A

Transcription

46
Q

Creates protein using mRNA information

A

Translation

47
Q

3 products of DNA replication

A

Conservative
Semiconservative
Dispersive

48
Q

Mechanism for Double strand Break

A

Homologous recombination
Non-homologous end joining

49
Q

Base mismatches and mismatch repairs

A

Base Excision Repair
Nucleotide Excision Repair

50
Q

3 Stages of Transcription

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

51
Q

It synthesis RNA segments

A

RNA polymerase

52
Q

The specific location in which DNA replication starts

A

Origin of replication

53
Q

It synthesizes DNA segments by adding nucleotide to the RNA primer

A

DNA polymerase III

54
Q

An enzyme responsible for synthesizes of RNA primer at 5’ of leading strand

A

Primase

55
Q

The one who removes the RNA nucleotides and replaces them with DNA nucleotides. Correct the primer made by primase

A

DNA polymerase l

56
Q

responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during replication.

A

Ligase

57
Q

Provides a starting point for DNA synthesis

A

Primase

58
Q

It’s a starting point in RNA transcription

A

Promoter region

59
Q

What happens to the Elongation stage in transcription

A

the RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand using one of the DNA strands as a template.

60
Q

A region in which indicates stop to RNA polymerase

A

Termination region

61
Q

It is added to the both ends of a strand of RNA

A

5’ cap, 3’ poly A tail

62
Q

Removal of introns

A

Intron splicing

63
Q

The one who removes introns in pre-mRNA to create a mature mRNA

A

Spliceosome

64
Q

3 DNA based technologies

A

Genetic expression
Genetic engineering
Molecular/ DNA marker

Bio 8 Unit 4 (1 decks)

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