History Ch 19

Question 1

William Graham Sumner

Answer 1

William Graham Sumner

Question 2

Henry George

Answer 2

Authored “Progress and Poverty”; proposed a “single tax” on unearned increment from land ownership

Question 3

Edward Bellamy

Answer 3

Authored “Looking Backward, 2000-1887”; described a socialist utopia of the future

Question 4

William T. Stead

Answer 4

Authored “If Christ Came to Chicago”; called for civic revival

Question 5

Jane Addams

Answer 5

founded Hull House in Chicago’s slums in 1889

Question 6

Stanton Coit

Answer 6

the reformer who introduced the first settlement house in the U.S., the Neighborhood Guild in New York City’s Lower East side

Question 7

Harriet Vittum

Answer 7

reformer known as “the police lady in brown,” she headed a Chicago settlement house with strict rules that were often resented by immigrants

Question 8

Clarence Darrow

Answer 8

Ohio-born lawyer and reformer who believed that poverty explained why people turned to crime

Question 9

“Dumbbell tenement”

Answer 9

designed by James Ware in the late 1870s, it was 7-8 stories high and packed 30 4-room apartments on a 25x100 foot lot, crowded

Question 10

new immigrants

Answer 10

group of immigrants in the 1880s from southern and eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Austria-Hungary, Poland, Russia); mostly Catholic or Jewish, poor, unskilled, clung to native customs/language/religion in communities

Question 11

American Protective Association

Answer 11

midwestern anti-Catholic organization in 1890s to limit or end immigration

Question 12

city political machine

Answer 12

lead by a “boss” who tied together captains, these rings traded services for votes to establish needed services and furthered greed/corruption

Question 13

political “boss”

Answer 13

leader of a city’s political machine

Question 14

William M. Tweed

Answer 14

head of the Tweed Ring in NY, served as city alderman, member of Congress, NY state assemblyman

Question 15

microbiology

Answer 15

new science in the late 19th century, Louis Pasteur- germs cause disease and infection, led to vaccines

Question 16

psychology

Answer 16

new science in late 19th c. to explore the mind, led by William James

Question 17

mugwumps

Answer 17

reformers working to end corruption in politics, many in upper class/educated, called for lower tariffs, limited federal govt and civil service reform

Question 18

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 18

founded by Frances E. Willard, this organization campaigned to end drunkenness and the social ills that accompanied it, 1874

Question 19

“sphere of domesticity”

Answer 19

term referring to wives and children being set apart from the masculine, income producing area

Question 20

“new woman”

Answer 20

self-sufficient, working, single women; viewed as corrupt American woman

Question 21

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

Answer 21

author of Women and Economics (1898), questioned ideal of womanly “innocence” (ignorance)

Question 22

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Answer 22

founded by Susan B. Anthony in 1890, worked to secure women’s right to vote, peaceful lobbying

Question 23

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

Answer 23

group of cases in which the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment barred state govts from discriminating on the basis of race but did not prevent private individuals/organizations from doing so

Question 24

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 24

Supreme Court case that est “separate but equal” (schools, rail cars, etc)

Question 25

Morrill Land Grant Act

Answer 25

1862 grant that gave large grants of land to the states to est colleges

Question 26

Booker T. Washington

Answer 26

had educational and civil rights policies that stressed patience, manual training, hard work; Atlanta Compromise (white domination, blacks should make slow progress through self-improvement and show they are worthy of rights)

Question 27

Tuskegee Institute

Answer 27

black college in Alabama begun by Washington

Question 28

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 28

had civil rights/educational policies which used sociology to study the condition of blacks, attacked Atlantic Compromise, urged blacks to get professional careers, fight for rights, get a college education, integrate schools

Question 29

“talented tenth”

Answer 29

highly trained intellectual black elite that DuBois urged to lead

Question 30

social Darwinism

Answer 30

adapted by Herbert Spencer, held that laws of evolution applied to humans, that change of reform took centuries, “survival of the fittest”, promoted competition among indiviuals

Question 31

Herbert Spencer

Answer 31

English social philosopher who developed social darwinism

Question 32

Social Gospel

Answer 32

preached by urban Protestant ministers, focused on improving conditions of life on earth and saving souls, worked to reform social and economic problems

Question 33

settlement houses

Answer 33

located in poor districts of major cities, these were community centers to soften urban life for immigrants and others, provided social services and political voices

Question 34

Hull House

Answer 34

founded by Jane Addams in 1889, most famous settlement house, in Chicago, offered education, welfare, medical dispensary, showers, etc

Question 35

“case workers”

Answer 35

professional social workers who studied the condition of the poor to alleviate it