Histology

Question 1

Primary Tissue Types

Answer 1

Connective
Epithelial
Muscle
Nervous

Question 2

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 2

Creates protective boundaries (usually between connective tissue and environment) and is involved in the diffusion of ions and molecules

Question 3

Connective Tissue

Answer 3

Underlies and supports other tissue types

Question 4

Muscle Tissue

Answer 4

Contracts to initiate movement in the body

Question 5

Nervous Tissue

Answer 5

Transmits and integrates information through the central and peripheral nervous system

Question 6

Structure of epithelial tissue

Answer 6

Highly cellular, minimal extracellular matrix and lacks additional structures
Close apposition with specialised junctions to form a barrier
Innervated but avascular

Question 7

Desmosomes

Answer 7

Intercellular junctions that provide strong adhesion between cells

Question 8

Connective tissue extracellular matrix

Answer 8

Made up of ground substance and protein fibres

Question 9

Mesenchyme

Answer 9

Loosely organised embryonic tissue featuring elongated cells in a viscous ground substance

Question 10

Connective Tissue Fibres

Answer 10

Collage
Reticular
Elastic

Question 11

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 11

Peripheral, oval nuclei
Striated
Unbranched, parallel fibres
Voluntary control

Question 12

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 12

Single, central nucleus
Gap junctions and intercalated discs
Striated
Branched
Involuntary control

Question 13

Smooth Muscle

Answer 13

Spindle shaped cells
Single, central nucleus
Non-striated
Involuntary control

Question 14

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Answer 14

Ideal for lining areas where passive diffusion of gases occurs
(e.g. alveolar lining, capillary walls)

Question 15

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function

Answer 15

Offer secretory, absorptive or excretory functions - often differentiates to form secretory or ductal portions of glands
(e.g. surface of ovaries, renal tubule walls)

Question 16

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Answer 16

Commonly adapted for secretion, absorption or protection.
(e.g. lining of the stomach)
Ciliated columnar can be found e.g. in the respiratory tract

Question 17

Respiratory Epithelium

Answer 17

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 18

Non-Keratised Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 18

Usually has a mucous membrane as additional protection and lubrication
(e.g. oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus)

Question 19

Keratinised Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Answer 19

Important in tissue exposed to regular abrasion or desiccation
(e.g. epidermis of the skin)

Question 20

Layers of the epidermis of the skin

Answer 20

Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum (in thick skin)
Stratum corneum

Question 21

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Answer 21

Mainly structural reinforcement and specifically found in lining of excretory ducts such as saliva and sweat glands

Question 22

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Answer 22

Mostly responsible for protection and mucous secretion and is located in the conjunctiva of the eyelids and areas of tissue transition

Question 23

Transitional Epithelium Locations

Answer 23

Major and minor calices, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, proximal part of the urethra and prostate gland

Question 24

Transitional Epithelium

Answer 24

Mix of stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal and allows it to become distended

Question 25

Umbrella Cells

Answer 25

Dome shaped cells found at the luminal surface of transitional epithelium