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Block 2 Drugs > Histamine Drugs > Flashcards

Histamine Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine antagonist:
OTC sleeping tablets, Vestibular disturbances. Early stage Parkinson’s
Acute allergies (less effective on seasonal)

A

Diphenhydramine

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2
Q

Diphenhydramine side effects

A

Most sedative effect. Anti-cholinergic

Sedation, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

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3
Q

Diphenhyramine acts on which histamine receptor?

Which generation

A

H1

1st gen

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4
Q

Are there contraindications in diphenhydramine

A

yes

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5
Q

Histamine antagonist for:

Vestibular disturbances and Acute allergies (less effective on seasonal)

A

Dimenhydrinate

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6
Q

Dimenhydrinate acts on which receptor?

what generation

A

H1

1st gen

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7
Q

All first and second gen histimanine antagonist act on which receptor

A

H1

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8
Q

Side effects of Dimenydrinate

A

some anti-cholinergic and Sedation, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

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9
Q

Administration route of all histamine antagonists

both Gen 1 and Gen 2

A

oral, nasal, topical

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10
Q

Serotonin antagonist that is most potent to tx acute allergies

A

Chlorpheniramine

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11
Q

Chlorpheniramine acts on which receptor, which histamine antagonist generation?

A

H1

1st gen

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12
Q

Which generation of histamine antagonists have contraindications

A

Gen 1

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13
Q

Side effects of Chlorpheniramine?

A

causes the sedation, loss of appetite, nausea and vommiting but least sedation of all gen 1 antihistamines

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14
Q

Use to tx Chemo induced nausea and vomiting as well as acute asthma

A

Promethazine

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15
Q

Promethazine acts on which receptor

A

H1 and 1st gen

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16
Q

Side effects of Proethazine

A

anti-cholinergic effects as well as Sedation, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting

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17
Q

4 1st generation Histamine antagonists

A

Diphenhyrdamine- OTC sleeping tablets, Vestibular disturbances. Early stage Parkinson’s
Dimenhydrinate-vestibular disturbances
Chlorpheniramine-most potent for acute asthma
Promethazine-chemo induced nausea

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18
Q

Four 2nd gen histamine antagonists

A

Fexofenadine
Loratadine
Desloratadine
Cetrizine

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19
Q

What receptor do the 2nd gen histamine antagonists work on?

A

H1

20
Q

All 2nd gen anti-histamines are used to tx

A

Acute asthma

21
Q

All 2nd gen anti-histamines have this side effect

A

loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

22
Q

which 2nd gen anti-histamine has the most sedative effect

A

Cetirizine

23
Q

What is special about Loratadine

A

Pro-drug (converted to Desloratidine) by CYP3A4, 2D6

24
Q

Which has effects on CNS, the 1st or 2nd generation anti-histamines

A

1st gen

25
Q

Fexofenadine is a

A

2nd gen anti-histamine for acute astma

26
Q

Loratadine is a

A

2nd gen anti-histamine for acute astma

27
Q

Desloratadine is a

A

2nd gen anti-histamine for acute astma

28
Q

Cetirizine is a

A

2nd gen anti-histamine for acute astma

29
Q

Two anti-histamines used to tx Peptic ulcers, GERD, gastric injury from NSAIDs

A

Cimetidine

Famotidine

30
Q

Cimetidine and Famotidine used to tx Peptic ulcers, GERD, gastric injury from NSAIDs act on which histamine receptor

A

H2 antagonist

31
Q

Side effects of Cimetidine (used to tx peptic ulceres or GERD assoicated with NSAID injury)

A

Diarrhea, headache, drowsiness. Less common (IV in elderly): confusion, delirium, slurred speech

32
Q

Side effects of Famotidine (used to tx peptic ulceres or GERD assoicated with NSAID injury)

A

MINIMAL: Diarrhea, headache, drowsiness. Less common (IV in elderly): confusion, delirium, slurred speech

33
Q

Contraindications of Cimetidine

A

Inhibits P450 metabolism

34
Q

This H2 antagonist used Long-term at high dose –> decreased testosterone. Least potent

A

Cimetidine

35
Q

Which is more potent H2 antagonist:

A

Famotidine&raquo_space;> then cimetidine

36
Q

uses of Cromolyn Sodium

A

Asthma (chronic, not rescue). Off-label: food allergies, IBS

37
Q

Indirect histamine antagonist for Asthma (chronic, not rescue). Off-label: food allergies, IBS

A

Cromolyn Sodium

38
Q

How does cromolyn sodium work?

A

Stabalizes mast cell membranes

39
Q

Delivery of Cromolyn Sodium

A

inhalation (oral, nasal, ophthalmic)

40
Q

Used to treat Moderate-to-severe persistent allergic asthma uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids

A

Omalizumab

41
Q

Omalizumab is used for

A

Moderate-to-severe persistent allergic asthma uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids

42
Q

How does Omalizumab work

A

Binds to FC portion of IgE

43
Q

Side effects of Omalizumab

A

Life-threatening anaphylaxis, bleeding-related adverse effects

44
Q

Delivery of Omalizumab

A

Sub-q (2-4 weeks)

45
Q

What are my two indirect histamine antagonists

A

Cromolyn sodium

Omalizumab

Block 2 Drugs (10 decks)

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