Histamine Drugs

Question 1

Histamine antagonist:
OTC sleeping tablets, Vestibular disturbances. Early stage Parkinson’s
Acute allergies (less effective on seasonal)

Answer 1

Diphenhydramine

Question 2

Diphenhydramine side effects

Answer 2

Most sedative effect. Anti-cholinergic

Sedation, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

Question 3

Diphenhyramine acts on which histamine receptor?

Which generation

Answer 3

H1

1st gen

Question 4

Are there contraindications in diphenhydramine

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

Histamine antagonist for:

Vestibular disturbances and Acute allergies (less effective on seasonal)

Answer 5

Dimenhydrinate

Question 6

Dimenhydrinate acts on which receptor?

what generation

Answer 6

H1

1st gen

Question 7

All first and second gen histimanine antagonist act on which receptor

Answer 7

H1

Question 8

Side effects of Dimenydrinate

Answer 8

some anti-cholinergic and Sedation, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

Question 9

Administration route of all histamine antagonists

both Gen 1 and Gen 2

Answer 9

oral, nasal, topical

Question 10

Serotonin antagonist that is most potent to tx acute allergies

Answer 10

Chlorpheniramine

Question 11

Chlorpheniramine acts on which receptor, which histamine antagonist generation?

Answer 11

H1

1st gen

Question 12

Which generation of histamine antagonists have contraindications

Answer 12

Gen 1

Question 13

Side effects of Chlorpheniramine?

Answer 13

causes the sedation, loss of appetite, nausea and vommiting but least sedation of all gen 1 antihistamines

Question 14

Use to tx Chemo induced nausea and vomiting as well as acute asthma

Answer 14

Promethazine

Question 15

Promethazine acts on which receptor

Answer 15

H1 and 1st gen

Question 16

Side effects of Proethazine

Answer 16

anti-cholinergic effects as well as Sedation, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting

Question 17

4 1st generation Histamine antagonists

Answer 17

Diphenhyrdamine- OTC sleeping tablets, Vestibular disturbances. Early stage Parkinson’s
Dimenhydrinate-vestibular disturbances
Chlorpheniramine-most potent for acute asthma
Promethazine-chemo induced nausea

Question 18

Four 2nd gen histamine antagonists

Answer 18

Fexofenadine
Loratadine
Desloratadine
Cetrizine

Question 19

What receptor do the 2nd gen histamine antagonists work on?

Answer 19

H1

Question 20

All 2nd gen anti-histamines are used to tx

Answer 20

Acute asthma

Question 21

All 2nd gen anti-histamines have this side effect

Answer 21

loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting

Question 22

which 2nd gen anti-histamine has the most sedative effect

Answer 22

Cetirizine

Question 23

What is special about Loratadine

Answer 23

Pro-drug (converted to Desloratidine) by CYP3A4, 2D6

Question 24

Which has effects on CNS, the 1st or 2nd generation anti-histamines

Answer 24

1st gen

Question 25

Fexofenadine is a

Answer 25

2nd gen anti-histamine for acute astma

Question 26

Loratadine is a

Answer 26

2nd gen anti-histamine for acute astma

Question 27

Desloratadine is a

Answer 27

2nd gen anti-histamine for acute astma

Question 28

Cetirizine is a

Answer 28

2nd gen anti-histamine for acute astma

Question 29

Two anti-histamines used to tx Peptic ulcers, GERD, gastric injury from NSAIDs

Answer 29

Cimetidine | Famotidine

Question 30

Cimetidine and Famotidine used to tx Peptic ulcers, GERD, gastric injury from NSAIDs act on which histamine receptor

Answer 30

H2 antagonist

Question 31

Side effects of Cimetidine (used to tx peptic ulceres or GERD assoicated with NSAID injury)

Answer 31

Diarrhea, headache, drowsiness. Less common (IV in elderly): confusion, delirium, slurred speech

Question 32

Side effects of Famotidine (used to tx peptic ulceres or GERD assoicated with NSAID injury)

Answer 32

MINIMAL: Diarrhea, headache, drowsiness. Less common (IV in elderly): confusion, delirium, slurred speech

Question 33

Contraindications of Cimetidine

Answer 33

Inhibits P450 metabolism

Question 34

This H2 antagonist used Long-term at high dose --> decreased testosterone. Least potent

Answer 34

Cimetidine

Question 35

Which is more potent H2 antagonist:

Answer 35

Famotidine >>> then cimetidine

Question 36

uses of Cromolyn Sodium

Answer 36

Asthma (chronic, not rescue). Off-label: food allergies, IBS

Question 37

Indirect histamine antagonist for Asthma (chronic, not rescue). Off-label: food allergies, IBS

Answer 37

Cromolyn Sodium

Question 38

How does cromolyn sodium work?

Answer 38

Stabalizes mast cell membranes

Question 39

Delivery of Cromolyn Sodium

Answer 39

inhalation (oral, nasal, ophthalmic)

Question 40

Used to treat Moderate-to-severe persistent allergic asthma uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 40

Omalizumab

Question 41

Omalizumab is used for

Answer 41

Moderate-to-severe persistent allergic asthma uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids

Question 42

How does Omalizumab work

Answer 42

Binds to FC portion of IgE

Question 43

Side effects of Omalizumab

Answer 43

Life-threatening anaphylaxis, bleeding-related adverse effects

Question 44

Delivery of Omalizumab

Answer 44

Sub-q (2-4 weeks)

Question 45

What are my two indirect histamine antagonists

Answer 45

Cromolyn sodium | Omalizumab