Henry VIII foreign policy Flashcards
The first French war
1512-14
-Ferdinand used the English invading troops in Guienne as a screen taking waverrve and making peace with the French (1512)
-1513 Henry led an army of 25,000 into France and seized Therouanne and Tournai and his cavalry won the battle of Spurs. However T&T benefitted Maximilian more as they were on the Burgundy/French border
-Maximilian and Ferdinand made peace with Louis XII of France so Henry did the same in August 1514 he kept T&T and married his sister Mary to Louis XII
The second French war
-Charles focused on Milan instead of France and there was no support for English troops. The triple attack with Charles and the Duke of Bourbon failed from a lack of support again. Henry had nothing to show for the war
-The Amicable Grant was demanded for it but not given so there was the Anglo-French treaty of the More 1525)
The third French war
1543-1546
-June 1544 Henry sailed to Calais with 48,000 men
-The plan was for both the march on Paris but Henry split his troops marching on Boulogne and montreuil
-Charles made an unexpected settlement with France and Crepy
-1546 Treaty of Ardres was signed
-Conflict had cost Henry £2 million
Battle of Pavia
February 1525
-The holy roman emperor routed the Army of Francis at Pavia Northern Italy
-10,000 French soldiers were killed and Francis was captured
-Henry tried to persuade Charles to make a joint assault on France but Charles refused and Henry was forced to ally with France in the league of Cognac 1526
The treaty of London
1518
Orchestrated by Wolsey and subscribed by to by over 20 european countries it was hailed by contemporaries as a moral, political and diplomatic triumph however it did not last
The effect of foreign relations on Henry’s annulment
-1527 Charles sacked Rome and imprisoned the Pope
-1528 Henry agreed to go to war with Charles against France. Wolsey suspended trade with the Netherlands but had to backpedal quickly because of the cloth market protest and a truce was made with the Netherlands in June 1528
-Treaty of Barcelona 1528 the Pope made peace with Charles
The Field of Cloth of Gold
June 1520
-Meeting that took place between Henry VIII and Francis I just outside Calais. Both Francis and Charles wanted to secure Henry as an ally before the habsburg-Valois war broke out. Nothing of any diplomatic value was achieved
-It cost a whole year of crown revenue
England’s foreign policy objectives between 1515-21
-Pursuing an ambitious and aggressive policy towards the French
-Honour and glory
-maintaining links with the Netherlands
-peacemaker of Europe
-securing his dynasty
-collecting his pension
The first Scottish war
1513
-Whilst Henry was engaged in war with France James launches a raid into England
-The response organised by Catherine of Aragon was crushing. At the battle of Flodden, James and over 10,000 scots were killed however, the victory was not followed up fully
The second Scottish war
1542-1547
-November 1542 James insulted Henry so Henry ordered a raid on Scotland that resulted in the defeat of the Scots of Solway moss and James’ death a month later
-Henry created the Treaty of Greenwich July 1543 which agreed peace and betrothed Mary and Edward
-September the pro- French party was in control and in December the Scottish Parliament rejected the treaties of Greenwich and renewed all previous treaties with France
