henry viii - break with rome Flashcards
why did henry break with rome?
money - wars needed paying for
anti-clericalism - catholicism was becoming corrupt and immoral
protestantism - anne boleyn and cromwell were influential
two features of the act of supremacy?
the formal acceptance that england was not under pope control
henry could now organise:
central beliefs and key positions
two features of the act of succession?
henry’s marriage was invalid
anne pronounced as lawful wife
what was the oath of succession?
all political and religious leaders had to swear this oath
cromwell’s role in the break with rome?
he passed a treason act, made it treason for people to speak against the king
who was elizabeth barton?
the nun of Kent
16 years old and very ill, claimed the Virgin Mary cured her in a dream
she attacked Henry’s divorce plans and said he’d die a villains death for marrying anne
she was arrested and executed.
who was thomas more?
a catholic who thought Protestants threatened the souls of english people
he became lord chancellor and burnt people for their beliefs
he disagreed with the divorce and resigned
henry saw him as an enemy, thomas refused the oath and was executed for treason
who was john fisher?
he was against the break with rome and said the pope had powers
he didn’t support the divorce
he refused the oath and was sent to the tower of london
he was charged and fined £300 for links to elizabeth Barton, henry had him executed for treason in 1535
what changed due to the reformation?
bible became main source of teaching
holy saints days were reduced
churches had whitewashed walls and plain windows
priests could marry
what stayed the same due to the reformation?
the role of the pope stayed the same
henry returned to catholic traditions
priests had to remain celibate
cranmer sent his wife and children abroad
what were the functions of monasteries?
hospitals to provide for the sick
educated wealthy children
monks and nuns prayed for souls of the dead
poor people received help and food
travellers could rest
when investigated, what did the monasteries show?
sexual abuse
homosexual practices
mistresses
nuns having children
reasons for the dissolution of the monasteries?
money - henry needed financial gain for wars and protecting England
loyalty - henry doubted the loyalty of the monasteries
new religious ideas - protestants believed that monks and nuns praying for the dead was unnecessary
Cromwell’s commissions - he wanted to prove the monasteries were corrupt.
winners of the dissolution?
Protestants - victory over Catholicism
the crown - huge financial gain for henry
the nobility - many purchased the land
grammar schools were set up to compensate for the loss of education
losers of the dissolution?
many lost their homes
6500/8000 monks had to find other work in the church
2,000 nuns suffered, they couldn’t marry or work
poverty increased
architecture destroyed
