heart failure (11)

Question 1

inability of the heart to work effectively as a pump and to provide sufficient blood to meet the oxygen needs of tissues & organs

Answer 1

heart failure

Question 2

results from acute & chronic cardiovascular problems including long standing htn, CAD, and MI

Answer 2

heart failure

Question 3

type of heart failure caused by htn, CAD, and valvular disease

Answer 3

left-sided

Question 4

heart failure with reduced ejection fraction & does not empty properly during systole

Answer 4

systolic heart failure

Question 5

ventricle filling problem due to left ventricle cannot relax adequately during diastole to fill up

Answer 5

diastolic heart failure

Question 6

symptoms of left-sided heart failure

Answer 6

orthopnea, S3 S4 gallop, angina, crackles, pallor, hacking cough, frothy & pink sputum, dyspnea

Question 7

heart failure caused by left ventricle failure, right ventricle MI, and pulmonary htn

Answer 7

right-sided heart failure

Question 8

symptoms of right-sided heart failure

Answer 8

jugular venous distention, enlarged liver & spleen, dependent edema, distended abdomen, polyuria, weight gain

Question 9

cardiac output remains normal or above normal but needs to be increased to keep up

Answer 9

high output failure

Question 10

failure that is caused by increased metabolic needs & hyperkinetic conditions (sepsis, fever, anemia, and hyperthyroidism)

Answer 10

high output failure

Question 11

occurs when cardiac output is insufficient to meet body’s demands

Answer 11

compensatory mechanisms

Question 12

types of compensatory mechanisms

Answer 12

sympathy nervous system, renin-angiotensin, myocardial hypertrophy

Question 13

laboratory diagnostics of heart failure

Answer 13

brain naturetic peptide (BNP), serum lytes, hemoglobin levels

Question 14

imaging diagnostics of heart failure

Answer 14

CXR, echo, 12 place ekg

Question 15

report provider if any of these occur

Answer 15

rapid weight gain, decreased exercise tolerance, cold sx, polyuria at night, dyspnea, increase swelling

Question 16

heath teaching for heart failure

Answer 16

medication, activity, weight, diet, and symptoms

Question 17

heart failure solutions

Answer 17

O2 above 90%, high fowlers position, reposition frequently, cough & deep breath, turn q2hrs, daily weights

Question 18

diet adjustments for heart failure

Answer 18

low sodium diet (2gd/day), fluid restriction (2L/day), lemon juice & spices instead of salt, avoid eating out

Question 19

medications for heart failure

Answer 19

ACE or ARBs, diuretics, nitrates, inotropic (digoxin), and beta blockers