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GCSE History > Harrying Of The North > Flashcards

Harrying Of The North Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Edward the Confessor die?

A

January 1066

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2
Q

Who was crowned King of England after Edward’s death?

A

Harold

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3
Q

When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

September 1066

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4
Q

What happened at the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

Harold defeats a Norwegian army in Yorkshire

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5
Q

When was the Battle of Hastings?

A

14th October 1066

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6
Q

When was William I crowned King?

A

Christmas Day 1066

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7
Q

Who was Cospig, and why was he appointed his earldom?

A

An Anglo-Saxon who swore allegiance to William (and so could become the Earl of Northumbria)

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8
Q

What position did Cospig have?

A

Earl of Northumbria

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9
Q

What happened to Cospig?

A

In March 1067, he was murdered.

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10
Q

What is a levy?

A

A charge, such as a tax, that is imposed on something.

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11
Q

When did William levy a new tax in the north?

A

Autumn/Winter 1067

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12
Q

How did Gospatrick get his position?

A

He was an Anglo-Saxon who bribed William and swore an oath of allegiance

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13
Q

What position was Gospatrick awarded?

A

Earl of Northumbria

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14
Q

When was Gospatrick appointed as Earl of Northumbria?

A

December 1067

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15
Q

What rebellion happened in Spring 1068?

A

Northern rebellion against William. Involves Gospatrick, the Mercians and Edgar Aethling

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16
Q

How is the rebellion of 1068 stopped?

A

It quickly collapsed when William marched north. York surrendered to William and Gospatrick fled to Scotland

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17
Q

When was Robert Commines murdered?

A

1069

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18
Q

Was Robert Commines Norman or Anglo-Saxon?

A

Norman

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19
Q

What position was Robert Commines?

A

Earl of Northumbria

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20
Q

What rebellion happened in 1069?

A

Another rebellion in the North. William’s newly appointed Earl of Northumbria, Robert Commines, is murdered and the rebels take York. But, the city is swiftly retaken by William

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21
Q

What happens in Autumn 1069, after the Northern rebellion?

A

King Swein of Denmark invades, sails up the Humber and burns York.

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22
Q

How does William get rid of the Danish in 1069?

A

They return to Denmark after being paid off by William.

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23
Q

When was the Harrying of the North?

A

1069-70

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24
Q

Where did the Harrying of the North take place?

A

Yorkshire and parts of Staffordshire and Cheshire

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25
Q

What happens in Yorkshire in 1070?

A

Famine

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26
Q

When did King Malcom of Scotland invade Northern England?

A

Summer 1070

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27
Q

What happened with Malcom’s invasion in 1070?

A

It was defeated by William, who led a military campaign in Scotland.

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28
Q

What happens with the Scots after this invasion fails?

A

In 1072, they submit to William and sign the Treaty of Abernathy.

29
Q

What happens in 1075?

A

A Danish fleet sacks York

30
Q

What happens in 1079?

A

King Malcom breaks his treaty with William to raid Northumbria.

31
Q

What happens in 1080?

A

A rebellion in Northumbria is violently suppressed by William’s brother - Odo. William’s son, Robert, carries out a military campaign against the Scots, who come to terms.

32
Q

When was the Domesday book compiled?

A

1086

33
Q

When does William I die and Rufus take over?

A

1087

34
Q

List four parts of the city of York which helped the Normans keep control

A

Market Place / City Walls within Gatehouse / Clifford’s Tower and the Castle / Holy Trinity Priory and York Minster

35
Q

When did Edgar, Edwin and Morcar flee to Scotland?

A

1068

36
Q

Why did Edgar Aethling flee to Scotland (with Edwin and Morcar) in 1068?

A

He was still keen to take the throne of England but needed military support to challenge William I

37
Q

List three events that happened in the January 1069 (English) rebellion

A

Robert Commines was murdered, the Bishop of Durham’s house was set on fire and Edgar attacked the city of York.

38
Q

Why was the 1069 rebellion not just opposition in the North?

A

Because Danish Vikings invaded in the Autumn. They invaded with 240 ships and joined the English army led by the English earls Edgar and Waltheof

39
Q

What did the combined English and Danish army do?

A

They defeated a Norman army outside York and captured York Castle

40
Q

To punish the North, what did he do?

A

Harry the land

41
Q

Give 4 examples of how William harried the North

A

Burnt villages / salted fields (so no crops would grow) / murdered people / murdered animals

42
Q

What is the overarching term for what William did during the Harrying of the North?

A

Laid waste (to vast areas)

43
Q

What was the outcome of the Harrying of the North?

A

He defeated the rebel army and approximately 100,000 people were killed

44
Q

What was the purpose of the Harrying of the North?

A

An attempt to make the north uninhabitable so that there would be no more rebellions from that region.

45
Q

Why was York significant to Northumbria?

A

It was the capital of Northumbria

46
Q

Why was York important if you wanted control of Northumbria?

A

It was the centre of the Vale of York and was the main transport corridor (between the South of England and Scotland).

47
Q

Which river flowed through the centre of the Vale and through York itself?

A

River Ouse

48
Q

Why was the River Ouse important?

A

It was fed by a large system of tributaries (a river flowing into a larger river or lake) which together drained much of Yorkshire and provided an essential system of water transport. It was still tidal during the Middle Ages, which meant it was strategic and accessible.

49
Q

What type of land surrounded York, and why was this good?

A

Fertile and low-lying agricultural lands. This contributed to York’s strategic importance and continued prosperity.

50
Q

How is York linked to the Romans?

A

The Normans wanted to create a northern capital at York, just as the Romans had done a thousand years before. They too had used York to control the North and this was exploited by the Normans to justify their own rule.

51
Q

How was York an important religious centre?

A

The Normans financed various religious institutions as well as helping to rebuild the Minster (cathedral) after it had been badly burnt in 1069.

52
Q

where did william initially establish a base after the invasion?

A

South East - he captured Canterbury, Winchester and London

53
Q

when did william return to Normandy, leaving Bishop Odo and William FO in charge?

A

spring 1067

54
Q

3 things that threatened William after the invasion?

A

strong local rivalries and alliances in the North, insecure borders with Wales and Scotland, ambitions of the Danish King

55
Q

when did Harold’s sons launch a raid from Ireland? (2 times)

A

1068 and 1069

56
Q

in the summer of 69, where did Harold’s sons rebel?

A

devon, with over 60 ships

57
Q

what did william do as he marched North?

A

built castles to keep the areas under control

58
Q

what actions did William take to secure his rule in the 6 months after the BOH?

A
  • used terror to harry and secure the south
  • rewarded people with positions and land (patronage)
59
Q

who launched a rebellion in summer 1068?

A

gospatrick (earl of Northumbria) - AS

60
Q

after Gospatrick fled to Scotland in 1068, who did he join forces with?

A

edgar aethling

61
Q

By harrying the land, what did this do?

A

by economically crippling the North, the population decreased (left/died) which made it easier to control

62
Q

why did the Danes claim the english throne?

A

Canute ruled England between 1016-1035 and the Danish King, Swein, was his nephew

63
Q

summary of the Harrying of the North (3 things)

A
  • region systematically plundered
  • fields sown with salt
  • Northern people killed
64
Q

problems from Malcom (King of Scotland)

A
  • border disputes
  • M extending his influence southwards, claiming lordship as far south as Brough
  • sheltered rebels from England
  • married Margaret (Edgar Aethling’s sister) who was a rival claimant
65
Q

how much of a threat was Scotland to William?

A
  • S hoped that W could lose control of the North
  • S never organised a full scale invasion
  • only border disputes
  • however, sheltered rebels
66
Q

summarise the significance of York to the Normans

A
  • centre of the North
  • right on the main transport corridor
  • River Ouse
  • Roman city
  • Fertile land
67
Q

which areas remained vulnerable to attacks from Scotland (after the Harrying of the North)

A

cumbria (Malcom raided in 1070) and northumbria

68
Q

what happened in the treaty of 1072

A

William defeated Malcom’s army at Abernathy. in the treaty that followed, Malcom had to swear an oath of allegiance, and give his son as hostage. he also had to expel Edgar Aethling from Scottish court.

69
Q

name a rebellion under William Rufus

A

1095 - Northumbria (led by the Earl “Robert de Mowbray”)

GCSE History (4 decks)

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