Growth Differences Between Plants And Animals

Question 0

Where are apical meristems?

Answer 0

Roots and shoots

Question 1

What are the regions in plants where active cell division takes place?

Answer 1

Meristems

Question 2

Which meristems controls the girth “secondary thickening” of the plant?

Answer 2

Lateral meristems

Question 3

Which vessel is on the outside of the cambium?

Answer 3

Phloem

Question 4

What forms in plants each year?

Answer 4

Annual rings

Question 5

When are xylem cells formed?

Answer 5

When newly formed cells in the cambium differentiate

Question 6

When is the cambium more active, and what does this do to the plant?

Answer 6

During the spring, this leads to the formation of xylem vessels with a large diameter. Meaning that the growing conditions are ideal.

Question 7

When is the worst season for plant growth, and what does this do to the plant?

Answer 7

Winter, it causes the vessels to have a smaller diameter.

Question 8

What is the correct term for a flowering plant?

Answer 8

Angiosperm

Question 9

Define regeneration

Answer 9

The process by which an organism which replaces lost or damaged parts

Question 10

Flowering plants have extensive powers of regeneration, true or false?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Mammals have extensive powers of regeneration, true or false?

Answer 11

False.

Question 12

Define growth

Answer 12

The irreversible increase in dry mass on an organism

Question 13

What does measuring dry mass do to the organism?

Answer 13

Kills it

Question 14

How do we measure organisms

Answer 14

By using fresh weight, height, length etc

Question 15

Growth is not what throughout an organisms life?

Answer 15

It is not uniform

Question 16

Describe the growth pattern of a locust

Answer 16

Sudden increases as the old exoskeleton is shed

Question 17

Each what in the nucleus codes for a what?

Answer 17

Gene and protein

Question 18

Every cell contains every gene that the organism uses

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What happens to unused genes in the cell?

Answer 19

They are “switched off”

Question 20

Which enzyme digests lactose in the bacterium of E. Coli

Answer 20

β-galactosidase

Question 21

What does the enzyme β-galactosidase digest lactose into?

Answer 21

Glucose and galactose

Question 22

What does the control of β-galactosidase depend on?

Answer 22

A regulator gene an operator gene and a structural gene

Question 23

When lactose is present, what happens?

Answer 23

Regulator produces a repressor protein.
Repressor binds to operator.
Stops operator switching on structural gene therefore enzyme is not made.

Question 24

What is the advantage of the JM hypothesis?

Answer 24

It saves the organism energy

Question 25

What happens when lactose is present?

Answer 25

The regulator produces the repressor.
The repressor binds to the lactose.
The lactose can no longer buns to the operator.
The operator is free to switch on the structural gene. The enzyme is continually produced until lactose is digested.

Question 26

A group of genes working together to save energy as such is called an ______

Answer 26

Operon

Question 27

What is PKU?

Answer 27

PKU is a disease where the sufferer lacks the normal allele of the gene to produce an enzyme.

Question 28

What do PKU suffered fail to do?

Answer 28

They cannot produce the enzyme which converts tyrosine to phenylalanine

Question 29

What is tyrosine used for?

Answer 29

Tyrosine is converted into important substance for the body such as melanin(skin pigment) and thyroxine

Question 30

What happens to people with PKU?

Answer 30

The phenylalanine builds up and to high concentrations and the phenylalanine is then converted into a toxic substance which affects brain function and limits mental development.

Question 31

What does thyroxine control?

Answer 31

Proper brain development in infants.

Question 32

How is PKU treated?

Answer 32

Thyroxine injections and a balanced diet. All babies in the UK are tested for PKU.