Growth Flashcards
What causes foetal growth
Size affected by mother size and placental nutrition
What is involved in infantile growth
Nutrition, good health, thyroid function, genetics
What is involved in childhood growth
Growth hormone, also nutrition, health, chronic mental health issues, thyroid hormones, Vit D and steroids
What is involved in puberty growth
Testosterone and oestrogen, growth hormone
Causes of short stature
Familial (normal), constitutional delay of growth and development, endocrine, nutritional/ long term illness/ psychosocial, syndromes
What is constitutional delay of growth and development
Temporary delay in skeleton growth and puberty, normal variation, no physical abnormalities and delayed bone age. End height will be normal and usually there is a family history
Endocrine causes of short stature
Hypothyroidism, GH def, steroid excess andIGF-1 def
Nutritional, mental and health illness causes of short stature
GI causes - IBD, coeliac. CKD, CF, CHD and neglect. There is delayed bone age
Syndromes causing short stature
Turner’s, Noonan, Downs, Russell-silver
Usual differences between endocrine and nutritional causes of short stature
Endocrine causes the child to have reduced height but normal weight, where are nutritional causes reduced height and even more reduced weight
Causes of tall stature in children
Familial, obesity, medical conditions, syndromes and excessive growth at birth
Medical conditions which can cause tall stature
Hyperthyroidism, excessive sex steroids, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and excess GH
Syndromes which can cause tall stature
Marfan and Klinefelters
What is defined as weight faltering
Suboptimal weight gain in infants and young children. If prolonged and severe, result in reduction in growth. Sustained dropped down two centiles
What wieght is normal for babies to lose after they are born
In first few days it is expected they will loose some weight but it should not be more than 10% birth weight
