Gross II Exam 2 Flashcards
75% of the lymph from the breast drains into the
axillary nodes
Which artery is NOT a branch of the right coronary artery?
anterior interventricular artery
Which muscle does NOT receive its innervation from the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
cricothyroid
What can be found in the posterior interventricular groove?
middle cardiac vein
Which muscle functions as an abductor of the vocal folds?
posterior cricoarytenoid
What is NOT a distinguishing feature of the left lung?
groove for azygos vein
During forced expiration, which muscle is not active?
external intercostal
Which structure does NOT pass through the aortic hiatus?
vagus nerve
Which layer lies immediately deep to the innermost intercostal muscle?
endothoracic fascia
The trachea bifurcates into the left and right primary bronchi at the level of
T4
What statement about asthma is NOT true?
caused by spasms of smooth muscle lining main bronchi
true answer = “segmental bronchi”
What is NOT one of the groups of superficial cervical lymph nodes of the head and neck?
Jugulodigastric (it is a deep cervical node)
What is part of the contents of the posterior mediastinum?
esophagus
TRUE OR FALSE: a pleural cavity tap is done at intercostal space 9 in the costomediastinal recess
False - costodiaphragmatic recess
TRUE OR FALSE: the pump-handle movement increases the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax
True
TRUE OR FALSE: the conducting system is composed of nerve tissue and controls the rhythmic beating of the heart
False - composed of cardiac muscle
TRUE OR FALSE: the aortic valve has a left and right posterior cusp
True
TRUE OR FALSE: the thoracic duct most frequently drains into the junction between the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein
True
TRUE OR FALSE: the pulmonary surface of the heart is formed mostly by the left ventricle
True
TRUE OR FALSE: the rima glottidis is wide during phonation, due to abduction of the vocal folds
False - narrow and wedge-shaped during phonation (wide during inspiration)
Which valve is most audible over the right lower part of the body of the sternum?
Tricuspid valve
Which valve is most audible over the left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line?
Mitral valve
Which valve is most audible over the right second intercostal space?
Aortic valve
Which valve is most audible over the left second intercostal space?
Pulmonary valve
The natural pacemaker of the heart is the
Sinoatrial node
The cartilage of the larynx which has the laryngeal prominence is called the
Thyroid cartilage
A type of pneumothorax in which air enters the pleural cavity on inspiration, but cannot exit during expiration is called
Tension pneumothorax
Inflammation descending to the level of the bronchioles within the tracheobronchial tree is known as
Bronchiolitis
The smooth endothelium which lies inside the heart is called the
Endocardium
In aspiration of foreign objects, the _________ is the last place in the tracheobronchial tree where the cough reflex will be mechanically initiated.
Carina
In pleurisy, pain is often referred to the shoulder via the ___________ nerve.
Phrenic
Dimpling of the breast and inversion of the nipple in breast cancer are both due to tumor invasion of the
Dimpling = suspensory ligament
Inverted nipple = lactiferous ducts
Name a nerve ganglion which is in close proximity to and which may be involved in the development of Otitis Media.
Inferior vagal ganglion
Asthma is caused by spasm of the smooth muscle forming the walls of the
segmental bronchi and bronchioles
What is the correct order from anterior to posterior?
aortic arch, trachea, esophagus
What is NOT part of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
muscular interventricular septum
A large atrial septal defect is likely to cause enlargement of the:
pulmonary trunk, right atrium, right ventricle
TRUE OR FALSE: The thyroarytenoid muscle is one muscle involved in raising the pitch of the voice
False (cricothyroid raises pitch)
TRUE OR FALSE: The posterior intercostal vein passes between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: the suprapleural membrane is a thickening of the endothoracic fascia which overlies the apex of the lung.
True
The deep cervical lymph node found near the posterior belly of the digastric is known as the __________________ node.
Jugulodigastric
A conducting impulse travels through each of the following structures in sequence. Arrange the numbers in correct order, from the start to the finish of the conducting impulse.
1 - atrioventricular node 2 - atrioventricular bundle 3 - atrial wall 4 - left and right crura 5 - sinuatrial node
5 - sinoatrial node 3 - atrial wall 1 - atrioventricular node 2 - atrioventricular bundle 4 - left and right crura
A dilation at the beginning of the thoracic duct is called the ____________________.
Cisterna chyli
List in order, the vessels and/or heart chambers which a pulmonary embolus would travel through on its way to the lung, beginning with the inferior vena cava.
Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary arteries Lung
A variation in which the posterior interventricular artery is given off by the left coronary artery is called
Left coronary dominance
The elevation of the ribs in the bucket handle movement is due to contraction of the ________________________ muscles.
external intercostal
Which muscle adducts the vocal folds by rotation of the cricoid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage?
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Severe damage to the conducting system of the heart would be caused by a myocardial infarction of the _____________ artery.
Anterior interventricular
The apex of the heart is formed by which of the following chambers?
Left ventricle (all or mostly)
The left subcostal vein drains into the ______ vein.
Hemiazygos
Which is most vulnerable to compression during cardiac tamponade?
Superior vena cava
Which artery supplies the visceral pleura?
Bronchial artery
Name the space between the vestibular folds.
Rima vestibuli
What level is the esophageal hiatus found?
What level is the aortic hiatus found?
Esophageal hiatus T10
Aortic hiatus T12
The diaphragm contracts, pulling the domes inferiorly into the abdomen. This results in an increase in the vertical diameter of the thorax called the ______
piston movement
Elevation of the lower ribs about an anteroposterior axis. This results in an increase in the transverse diameter of the thorax called the ________
bucket handle movement
Elevation of the upper ribs about a transverse axis. This results in an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the thorax called the ______
pump handle movement
The elevation of the ribs in both the bucket handle movement and the pump handle movement is due to contraction of the ______________
external intercostal muscle
In normal _________ the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax and air is expelled passively.
expiration
In forced expiration, the internalcostalis, innermost intercostalis, and the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall ____________
contract
During cardiac tamponade, the ______________ is particularly vulnerable and the _________________ becomes prominent.
superior vena cava
external jugular vein
