Gross Anatomy of Resp System

Question 1

5 parts of the pulmonary hilum

Answer 1

1. Mainstem bronchi
2. Pulmonary artery
3. Pulmonary vein
4. Pulmonary nerves
5. Lymphatic vessels

Question 2

Which pleura contains nerve endings and blood flow?

Answer 2

parietal

Question 3

Normal pleural fluid amount

Answer 3

5-15 ml

Question 4

What can cause pleurisy? (3)

Answer 4

bacterial pneumonias, fungal infections, TB

Question 5

What usually causes chylothorax?

Answer 5

trauma to neck/thorax or cancer that occludes the thoracic duct

Question 6

Where are the bases of the lung?

Answer 6

R = 5-6th rib
L = 6th rib

Question 7

Where is the inferior border of the lung posteriorly?

Answer 7

T9-T12 depending on phase of ventilation

Question 8

How many pairs of ribs are there?

Answer 8

12

Question 9

Which ribs are true ribs?

Answer 9

ribs 1-7

Question 10

Which ribs are false ribs?

Answer 10

ribs 8-12

Question 11

Which ribs are floating ribs?

Answer 11

ribs 11-12

Question 12

Primary muscles of inspiration (3)

Answer 12

1. Diaphragm
2. External intercostals
3. Scalenes

Question 13

Accessory muscles of inspiration (2)

Answer 13

1. Sternocleidomastoids

2. Pectoralis major and minor

Question 14

Accessory muscles of expiration (5)

Answer 14

1. rectus abdominus
2. transverse abdominis
3. external obliques
4. internal obliques
5. internal intercostals

Question 15

What is the diaphragm innervated by?

Answer 15

phrenic nerve

Question 16

Where does the diaphragm’s blood supply come from ?

Answer 16

phrenic arteries, intercostal arteries

Question 17

What separates the diaphragm into left and right?

Answer 17

central tendon

Question 18

Normal diaphragmatic excursion:

Answer 18

1-2 cm

Question 19

Diaphragmatic excursion on forced inspiration:

Answer 19

10 cm

Question 20

3 Major openings in the diaphragm’s dome:

Answer 20

1. Aortic hiatus
2. Esophageal hiatus
3. Vena caval foramen

Question 21

External intercostals are innervated by:

Answer 21

intercostal nerves, T1-T11

Question 22

What type of pressure does a Mueller Maneuver generate?

Answer 22

Negative

Question 23

Normal range for MIP female

Answer 23

≥ 75 cmH2O ± 25 cmH2O

Question 24

What level are the accessory muscles innervated at?

Answer 24

C2-C7

Question 25

Normal range for MIP male

Answer 25

≥ 100 cmH2O ± 25 cmH2O

Question 26

Normal range for MEP female

Answer 26

≥100 cmH2O ± 25 cmH2O

Question 27

Normal range for MEP male

Answer 27

≥ 150 cmH20 ± 25 cmH2O

Question 28

What level are the abdominal muscles innervated at?

Answer 28

T6-T12

Question 29

What level is the diaphragm innervated at?

Answer 29

C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive

Question 30

What type of pressure does a Valsalva Maneuver generate?

Answer 30

Positive

Question 31

What does a Valsalva maneuver assess?

Answer 31

expiratory muscle strength and elastic recoil

Question 32

Function of the scalenes

Answer 32

Stabilize the chest wall and raises the 1st and 2nd ribs so intercostal muscles can contract

Question 33

Sternocleidomastoid function

Answer 33

lift the sternum

Question 34

Pectoralis major/minor function

Answer 34

Lift the sternum upwards and outwards