Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEH Final 23’ > Greece > Flashcards

Greece Flashcards

1
Q

Define civilization

A

An area in which people hold common “values, norms, institutions, and modes of thinking to which successive generations in a given society have attached primary importance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does DASH dedicate an entire year to this civilization

A

It has a huge influence on American culture. Most influential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does western civilization originate from

A

Europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Greeks outlook on the Gods, life, and the afterlife

A

Humans are pawns for the Gods, existence is tragedy, afterlife isn’t a place to look forward to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where did Greeks find meaning to exist

A

Through heroics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define humanism

A

Belief that humans are important, have worth, and are valuable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is humanism a “great leap” and a “great risk”

A

Humans are motivated to achieve big things to be remembered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Heroic ideal

A

The beginning of his stories hold traditional values of heroics, but goes through hubris and falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Democracy

A

A system of governments by the whole population or all the eligible members of a a state, typically through elected represntatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who were considered citizens in Athen’s democracy, who weren’t

A

Male property owners are citizens, women, foreigners and slaves were not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Summarize the benefits and power of democratic government for the societies in which it is practiced in terms of unlocking human potential.

A

Each individual contribute to the society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

q. Analyze what the Parthenon, constructed by Pericles, tells us regarding Athens and ancient Greece’s belief in humanism and ‘living more for life.’

A

Humans started to weave themselves and their accomplishments into the monuments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

r. Compare and contrast the Sophists and Socrates beliefs regarding truth and goodness.

A

Sophists- truth and standards depend on your perspective, experiences, your culture, and your time and place
Socrates- common truths and standards apply to all human beings in all times and places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why was Socrates killed by the Athenian democracy?

A

Athens wanted someone to blame for their defeat so they blame it on them, because the Socrates questioned the way Athens was going about things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does Athens democracy fail?

A

It goes really well until the Athenians think they can do anything and eventually leads to their down fall (hubris)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a republic?

A

A government in which decisions are a public matter and not private domain of a few power holders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a patrician

A

Hereditary elite, wealthy landowners who held the most power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a pleb

A

Farmers, craftsmen, and merchants who made up a majority of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Virtues of Cincinnatus

A

Looking out for the common good, health of the democracy, and gave up some self interest and power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are Cincinnatus’s virtues important to a Republic?

A

It’s necessary to sustain a democracy and is a model democratic citizen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is democracy a bet on human nature

A

It’s fragile and difficult to maintain, you must think humans will look out for the common good of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the effect of Roman expansion of its social structure and democracy?

A

Patricians gain more power and wealth, plebs loose theirs and become dependent. They also become unemployed and called “the mob”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is the Roman Republic a warning for Americans today?

A

Humans will give up liberty for security and order, and a democracy is the most difficult form of government to maintain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why did Romans accept dictatorship

A

For the promise of security and order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why did the Roman Republic fail

A

Leaders became motivated by self interest, patricians began to fight for power, plebs are loosing say in the government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the risk of Republicanism

A

Leaders need to look out for everyone and it is a challenge to constantly maintain elected leaders that are able to compromise and look out for everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the “Pax Romana”

A

“Roman Peace”, the 200 years of peace,stability, and prosperity across the diverse Roman Empire under the rule of military dictatorship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the symbolism of the switch between the Colosseum and the Forum as the center of Rome

A

The forum was a place of democratic debate and election, the colosseum is a place of entertainment for the people under the military dictatorship. This symbolizes the shift of democracy to dictatorship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How did Rome’s promotion of universal identity affect traditional local group identities

A

People began to hold the same ideals and ways of life, there was more unity and less unique identities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the appeal of universal group identity

A

Unity between all people, less division, more equality and tolerance, commonality is easier to maintain political control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why did the Jews reject the Roman universal identity

A

The Jews saw themselves as distinct, seperate, and superior. Didn’t want to worship the emperor because its not a true god

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What’s the importance of the story of Abraham to the Jewish people

A

The Jewish people have been chosen to share in a covenant with God

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why do Jews traditionally believe that history has meaning and significance

A

It’s the fulfillment of God’s will

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Why was Jewish insistence on their local group identity a dangerous proposition during the empire

A

Rome will go great lengths to destroy local group identity, not following Rome’s ideas will eventually lead to punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why was Jesus killed for being a “pretender to the crown”

A

Jesus went against Roman ideas, and said there is a power greater than Rome (God) and will take over Rome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Why did new forms of religious persecution develop in the Christian era of the Roman Empire

A

Jews and Christian’s had contrasting ideas, leading to persecution against one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

When did the Medieval period begin

A

5th century AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why did the medieval time period begin

A

The Roman Empire collapsed, causing chaos and violence to ensue because of the loss of order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Differences between the early and high Middle Ages

A

Early Middle Ages was full of chaos and violence and WC barely survives during this time

Middle Ages has greater security and, stability, and prosperity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

How through feudalism, was WC able to gain greater basic security

A

Government was organized at a very local level, and it was ran by the lord most able to conduct warfare. The environment allowed WC to survive despite the military pressure being placed on them

41
Q

What is a social hierarchy

A

Social arrangements in which some groups or individuals are elevated above others

42
Q

Hierarchy of the medieval era

A

Kings>lords>nobles>serfs>more land= more power

43
Q

What is manorialism

A

Local and agricultural economic system. Lords estates are self-sufficient and not involved in a cash economy

44
Q

Why was manorialism an economy fit for the early medieval era

A

It allowed feudalism to prosper, due to the self-sufficiency of the individual estates

45
Q

What is a serf

A

An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate

46
Q

How was hierarchy viewed in the Medieval era

A

Viewed as God’s will, God placed each person into their social class, and going against that was going against God’s will

47
Q

What factors led men to see women as weaker and inferior

A

Men started to believe women were more “credulous, impressionable, and passive” than men

48
Q

Why were merchants of low social value in the medieval era

A

They were viewed as materialistic, greedy, and dishonorable people. This is because they focused on wordly things and went against the class in which God placed them into

49
Q

Who were the Crusades?

A

The group of people launched by a speech gave by Pope Urban II in 1095. The primary goal of the Crusades was to take back the Holy Land from Muslim Rule.

50
Q

What effects did the crusades have on Europe’s economic inner-connectedness

A

They were partially designed to heal the internal rifts within the WC by rallying against a mutual outsider

51
Q

What effects did the Crusades have on WCs connectedness connectedness with Islamic civilization

A

They worsened the relationship they had with some parts of Islamic civilization by committing the massacre in the Holy Land

52
Q

What affects did the Crusades have on WCs connectedness to the rest of the Old World

A

The stability provided by nobles and knights allowed the population to grow, allowing the process to clear out forest, leading to more farmland and food, which allowed the trade network to revive

53
Q

How did gothic cathedrals reflect circumstances and culture of the medieval era

A

They were the tallest and most important building within WC at the time. They reflect the religious emphasis in Medieval times

54
Q

What does Renaissance mean

A

Rebirth

55
Q

Why did the middle class want to bring about the renaissance

A

They were looked upon socially by Christians and they wanted to bring about an ear where merchants were not looked down upon socially

56
Q

Renaissance humanism

A

Greco-Roman humanism + Christianity

57
Q

What’s the difference between the Greco-Roman influence and emphasizes and those of the medieval era

A

The Greeks and Roman’s had humanistic values and ideas, compared to the Christian ideas heavily emphasized during the medieval (Secular v.s Religious ways of life).

58
Q

Why did Petrarch feel so much internal tension

A

As a renaissance humanist, Petrarch felt turmoil over the sometimes contradictory influences of renaissance humanism

59
Q

Why was individualism a major social result of the renaissance

A

Humanistic ideas were now prevalent in society, putting a great emphasis on human capability and achievement, leading humans to be more indvidualistic

60
Q

What is a ‘Renaissance Man’?

A

A man who is worthy, accomplished and excels in everything.

61
Q

How did Christine de Pisano challenge the medieval notions of polarity

A

Christine de Pizan bellied that women have intellect and dignity

62
Q

How did Christine de Pizan internalize the sexism of her era

A

She believed women should be chaste and obedient. She internalized the idea that because of her courage and fortitude, she became a ‘man’

63
Q

What’s the environment Machiavelli wrote about politics

A

In this time, Italy is being walked all over by foreign powers, Italian wars are occurring=

64
Q

Why was Machiavelli considered to be secular

A

‘The Prince’ is very humanistic and even talks about using religion as a way to gain political control

65
Q

Why did Machiavelli prefer Greco Roman influences to the Christian outlook

A

He believed religion makes humans weaker. He believed that putting the focus on salvation rather than wordly achievement put humans in a position of weekness, earthly focus puts humans in a position of earthly power

66
Q

What will WC’s exploration and colonization mean for its power in the long run relative to others

A

There is a major power shift towards WC, Europe becomes the center of the worlds economy. Takes power away from Islamic civilization. Europe becomes superior

67
Q

Multiple significances do the year 1492

A

The Reconquista was completed, Columbus embarked for india, all Jewish people were expelled from Spain

68
Q

What is the significance of Islamic civilization in the old world trading network

A

Because of Europe’s geographical location and their limited seafaring technology, Europe only had contact with the Islamic world, meaning all trade with other civilizations went through IC, giving them power over Europe

69
Q

What is the significance of the European connection with the new world and india

A

Europes position in the old world trade network is completely transformed from being a place of little significance to being the center

70
Q

What is the Columbia Exchange

A

The biological and cultural exchange between the old and new world

71
Q

Why was Luther an unlikely source of rebellion against the Church?

A

Luther was a clergy member of the Catholic Church himself, believed he was going hell, and had medieval ways of thinking

72
Q

Why was Luther and many others appalled by the selling of indulgences

A

Indulgences made being a rich a ticket to heaven. People are beginning to stop participating in sacraments and prayer if they just have money

73
Q

Why was Luther’s 95 theses a revolutionary document

A

He rebels against what the church is teaching. Luther says the Church is in error, and is leading people to hell. Luther claims the pope and church leaders will go to hell, and that the church made this up

74
Q

How was Johannesburg Gutenberg the most important historical figure in the years 1000 AD to 2000 AD

A

He invented the moveable type printing press, which is the origin of the spread of information and opinion across large areas

75
Q

What is the Reformation

A

A reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church started by 1517 by Martin Luther

76
Q

Why was Luther described as a religious revolutionary

A

Because of his writings against the Catholic Church and his belief that the church is in error

77
Q

How did Luther’s key beliefs remote greater individual liberty in WC

A

Peasants see Luther challenging the #1 authority figure (the Pope), which leads the belief any authority figure can be challenged

78
Q

Why did Luther’s key beliefs result in a multitude of Protestant denomination

A

He encourages people to read the Bible for themselves. Lots of interpretations are found, leading to thousands of Protestant denominations

79
Q

What did Luther expect to result from his alternative way of practicing Christianity

A

He expected all people would interpret the Bible the same way

80
Q

What were the general goals of the German Peasant Revolts of 1524-1526

A

Some groups want to tear down the upper-class and create a whole new equal society. Other groups accepted the hereditary hierarchy and only wanted pay (no serfdom)

81
Q

Why is Luther described as a political and social conservative

A

He is a traditional who believes int he traditional class structure. Luther is very against the peasant revolts, and thinks revolts are lies presented under the name of the gospel

82
Q

Where do most Protestants in Europe live

A

Northern Europe

83
Q

Where do most Catholics in Europe live

A

Southern Europe

84
Q

What is skepticism

A

Doubt as to the truth of something; the theory that certain knowledge is impossible

85
Q

What is relativism

A

The doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in relation to culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute

86
Q

How did the reformation unintentional aid the development of skepticism and relativism

A

All of the interpretations lead people to question; are any of these right, how do we know?

87
Q

What is Montaigne’s general argument for skepticism

A

People should never believe in anything too strongly, be moderate in your opinions, and that opinions should never lead to violence.

88
Q

Why were the early 16th and 17th centuries an age of uncertainty

A

There were so many Protestant denominations emerging in WC. It made people very uncertain on what was right

89
Q

Why was mannerism an art-style for an age of uncertainty

A

Mannerist if art makes it hard to focus on one thing with a bunch of different view points which is meant to give the viewer a sense of unease. This relates to the current state of WC, and is a mirror to the reality of disorder

90
Q

Why is it that ‘much changed and very little changed’ as a result of the catholic reformation articulated by the council of Trent

A

The council of Trent reforms church abuses and got rid of indulgences and simony. The council of Trent also reasserts traditional practices of the church

91
Q

Why did the Catholic Church leaders involved in the council of Trent not make concessions to the protestant reformation

A

The Catholic Church does not agree with the ideas of the Protestant denominations and does not want to lose power as the dominant religion

92
Q

Why did Christian’s kill Christian’s in religious wars throughout Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries

A

Each Christian denomination believes that their practice represents the one and only Christian truth. All other denominations are pathways to damnation and the followers of the devil

93
Q

How did German religious wars and the peace of Augsburg further the decentralization of Germany

A

The peace of Augsburg allowed each independent German prince to determine the Christian denomination for his territory and subjects, further decentralizing Germany from catholic rule

94
Q

What is the edict of Nantes

A

A proclamation by Henry IV decorating religious acceptance of french calvinists amidst the catholic majority

95
Q

Why did king Henry IV instituting the edict of Nantes make him a ‘politique’

A

King Henry put political unity and stability of his kingdom above considerations of religious difference and which group’s religious interpretation was right or wrong

96
Q

Why did Brueghel’s ‘triumph of death’ represent a crossroads for WC

A

This mannerist art piece made a commentary on the reality of civilization. Skeletons marching in the name of absolute truth represented the idea that death is triumphing over life because of religious violence

97
Q

Why was the 30 years war a religious war as well as a politically inspired war

A

The Habsburg royal family who vegan the war, sought to military defeat the Protestantism as well as extend their control and dominance in Central Europe

98
Q

What were the effects the 30 years war had on Germany and Central Europe

A

germanys economy was wrecked and lost nearly 1/3 of its population, Central Europe (Germany) remained highly decentralized, and the French Bourbon kingdom had successfully weakened the Habsburg to become the leading royal power in all Europe

99
Q

What were the effects that religious war had on religious belief in Europe

A

This was the last religious war, after these grounds for warfare were seen as fruitless. After 1648, considerations of power and political unity became more important than religious considerations

MEH Final 23’ (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions