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NS > Gr.9 Work > Flashcards

Gr.9 Work Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the Earth as a system?

A

Atmosphere

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

Biosphere

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2
Q

What are the 4 layers of the lithosphere?

A

Crust

Mantle

Inner core

Outer core

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

Something that consists of only one type of atom.

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4
Q

What is a compound?

A

Something that consists of 2 or more elements.

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5
Q

What is a mineral?

A

An element or compound that is found in the earth’s crust.

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of rocks?

A

Igneous

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

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7
Q

What do you call lava that cools on the surface?

A

Pumice rock

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8
Q

What do you call magma that cools underground?

A

Granite

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9
Q

What do you call a separate path of magma that gathers and eventually cools and hardens?

A

A magma pool

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10
Q

Where is gold found?

A

In sedimentary rock, in cracks called veins.

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11
Q

What are 2 basic methods of extraction?

A

Gold sluicing

Gold panning

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12
Q

What are the 2 chemical methods of extraction?

A

Chemicals are used to dissolve the ore

Refining involves the removal of impurities

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13
Q

What are the 4 layers of the atmosphere?

A

Troposphere ⛈

Stratosphere 🌫

Mesosphere ☄

Thermosphere 📡

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14
Q

What are the 3 most common gases in the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Water vapour

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15
Q

What do we call the increase and decrease in temperature in the different layers of the atmosphere?

A

The temperature gradient

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16
Q

What is ore?

A

Rock containing high concentrations of a mineral. 💎⛏

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17
Q

How high is the highest point of the troposphere?

A

10km above the crust

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18
Q

What portion of the earth’s gases are found in the troposphere?

A

70%

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19
Q

Why is the troposphere the only layer that has the biosphere?

A

It is the only layer that has the lithosphere and the hydrosphere.

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20
Q

What is the highest point of the stratosphere?

A

50km

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21
Q

Where is the ozone layer?

A

10-40km high (stratosphere)

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22
Q

What does the ozone do?

A

It absorbs UV rays

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23
Q

What helpful things does the ozone layer ensure?

A

Humans get less skin cancer, cataracts and immunity suppression

Photosynthesis occurs normally

Life cycles and reproduction in animals occur

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24
Q

What is the highest point of the mesosphere?

A

80km

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25
Q

Why do ‘shooting stars’ occur here?

             ☄
A

The air is just dense enough to cause small rocks to burn.

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26
Q

What is the highest point of the thermosphere?

A

500km

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27
Q

At what height do satellites orbit?

A

350km

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28
Q

What does the lowest part of the Thermosphere reflect?

A

Radio waves for TV and radio broadcasts

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29
Q

Which layer(s) keep(s) the earth warm?

A

Troposphere

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30
Q

What is the first form of a star called?

A

A protostar ⭐️

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31
Q

In what way does energy change in a star?

A 
Gravitational potential energy 
                       ⬇️
             Kinetic energy 
                       ⬇️
            Thermal energy
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32
Q

What is released by nuclear fusion?

A

2 positrons, 2 neutrinos &and energy

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33
Q

How old is the sun?

A

4,6 billion years

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34
Q

What type of star is the sun?

A

A medium sized yellow dwarf

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35
Q

How hot is the sun?

A

.

5 505 C

36
Q

What burns at the core of a red giant and what can it form?

A

Helium

Forms oxygen and carbon

37
Q

What do kilograms measure?

A

Mass

38
Q

What do Newtons measure?

A

Force (including weight)

39
Q

What are the 2 types of forces?

A

Contact forces

Non-contact forces

40
Q

What are the 3 types of contact forces?

A

Friction

Tension

Compression

41
Q

What are the 2 types of non-contact forces?

A

Gravitational

Magnetic

42
Q

What does Newton’s law say about gravity?

A

The closerthe objects, the stronger the gravitational pull.

43
Q

What is an electrode?

A

A solid positive/ negative terminal.

44
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A medium (solution) for ions.

45
Q

What are the 2 types of cells?

A

Dry cells

Wet (rechargeable) cells

46
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

V
________
i I R

47
Q

What factors affect resistance?

A

Length

Width

Temperature

Conductivity

48
Q

What can be used for safety with electricity?

A

Fuses

Circuit breakers

Earth leakage

49
Q

What is power

A

The rate at which something happens.

50
Q

What is rate?

A

The speed of something happening.

51
Q

What is electrical power?

A

The rate at which electricity is supplied.

52
Q

What is a power rating?

A

An indication of the amount of electricity that is used by an appliance.

53
Q

What is electrical power measured in?

A

Watts (W) and kilowatts (kW)

54
Q

How do you work out the cost of the power that a consumer uses?

A

Cost=(power rating of appliance)x

(no. of hrs used)x(unit price of electricity)

55
Q

In a three-pin plug, what are the wires with these colours called?

🐸🐤

🐳

🐻

A

🐸🐤 Earth wire

🐳 Neutral wire

🐻 Live wire

56
Q

What is the current of the circuit?

A

The amount of flow.

57
Q

What is a power surge?

A

When the voltage is 110% above normal.

58
Q

Look at grid overload

A

🐞🐝🐛🐌

59
Q

What does an EIA stands for?

A

Environmental Impact Assessment

60
Q

What does an LDR do?

A

Triggers light when dark

61
Q

What is a diode?

A

Semi conductor. Allows current to flow in one direction.

62
Q

In series, what is the total voltage of the battery?

A

The sum of the

individual cells.

63
Q

In parallel, what is the voltage of the battery?

A

The value of one cell.

64
Q

In series, what is the total voltage across the resistors?

A

The voltage over the battery.

65
Q

In parallel, how does the voltage of the resistors relate to the voltage of the battery?

A

Each resistor has the same voltage as the battery.

66
Q

What does a circuit breaker do?

A

It breaks the circuit if too much current flows through.

67
Q

What does an earth leakage do?

A

It redirects extra current into the ground.

68
Q

What is an overload?

A

An excess electrical current in a circuit. This can lead to fire as wires get too hot. Short circuits can occur from melting wires.

69
Q

Where can resistors be found in:

Light bulbs

Kettles

Electric irons

A

Filaments

Elements

Plates

70
Q

What do you call variable conductors that can speed up or slow down current?

A

Rheostats

71
Q

What is a Daniell Cell?

A

A reaction between zinc (negative) and copper (positive), causing an electric charge.

72
Q

Forces work in

A

Pairs

73
Q

What is gravitational force affected by?

A

Size

Mass

74
Q

Formula for weight

A

Mass x Gravitational force

75
Q

What is a field?

A

An area or region over which a force is exerted. The force covers the entire field.

76
Q

How can forces differ?

A

Size

Speed

Direction

77
Q

How can forces have an effect.

A

Speed

Direction

Rotation

Shape

78
Q

What is friction?

A

A force that a surface exerts on an object. The force of the friction always acts parallel to the surface and in the opposite direction to the movement.

79
Q

What is tension?

A

A contact force in a rope or cable. Stretches its members.

80
Q

What is stellar evolution?

A

A process by which a star undergoes a series of radical changes.

81
Q

What is nuclear fusion?

A

A chemical reaction caused by pressure that changes hydrogen to helium.

82
Q

What is solar mass?

A

Standard unit of mass in astronomy. Equal to the mass of a star.

83
Q

What is a magnetic fields?

A

A region around a magnetic material.

84
Q

What is a planetary nebula?

A

As the pressure drops on the outside of a dying star, temperatures drop. A strong solar wind blows away most of the hydrogen. This shed is called a planetary nebula.

85
Q

What 4 things can global warming cause?

                                 ☀️
A

Climate change

Rising sea levels

Food shortages

Mass extinctions

NS (1 decks)

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