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Phase 3a General Practice and Community > GP Ophthalmology > Flashcards

GP Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Define blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid margins

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of blepharitis?

A

Gritty, itchy, dry sensation in the eyes

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3
Q

What is blepharitis associated with and can lead to?

A
  • Dysfunction of the Meibomian glands which secrete meibum (oil) onto the eye surface
  • Blepharitis = can lead to styes + chalazions
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4
Q

How do you treat blepharitis?

A

warm compresses and gentle cleaning of the eyelid margins to remove debris (e.g., using a cotton bud and baby shampoo)

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5
Q

What is the medical term for a stye?

A

Hordeolum externum

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6
Q

What is hordeolum externum?

A

Infection of the glands of Zeis or glands of Moll

  • Glands of Zeis = sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes
  • Glands of Moll = sweat glands at the base of the eyelashes

Type of stye

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7
Q

How does a stye present?

A

Tender red lump along the eyelid that may contain pus

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8
Q

What is hordeolum internum?

A

Infection of the Meibomian galnds

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9
Q

How does a hordeolum externum stye present?

A

Tender red lump along eye
Deeper, more painful and may point towards the eyeball underneath the eyelid

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10
Q

What are the two types of styes?

A

Hordeolum externum and internum (more painful)

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11
Q

What is the management for a stye?

A
  • Hot compresses + analgesia
  • Topical Abx (e.g. chlorophenicol) if conjunctivitis is always present or symptoms are persistant
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12
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

When a meibomian gland becomes blocked + swells
(AKA meibomian cyst)

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13
Q

How chalazion (Meibomian cyst) present?

A

Swelling in the eyelid
* Not typically tender
* (However, can be tender + red)

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14
Q

What is the management for a chalazion n(Meibomian cyst)?

A
  • Warm compress + gentle massage towards the eyelashes (to encourage drainage)
  • Surgical drainage = rarely required
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15
Q

What is entropion?

A

When the eyelid turns inwards with the lashes pressed against the eye

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16
Q

What is the management for entropion?

A
  • First line: taping the eyelid down to prevent it from turning inwards (use lubricating eye drops to prevent eye drying out)
  • Definitive management: surgical
17
Q

What is ectropion?

A

When the eyelid turns outward → exposing the inner aspect

Usually affects the bottom lid

18
Q

What can ectropion lead to?

A

Exposure keratopathy
(the eyeball is exposed and not adequately lubricated + protected)

19
Q

What is the management for ectropion?

A
  • Mild: regular lunricating eye drops (to protect the eye surface)
  • More severe: Surgery to correct defect (risk of sight)
20
Q

What is trichiasis?

A

Inward growth of eyelashes
Presents with pain

20
Q

What can trichiasis result in?

A

Corneal damage + ulceration

21
Q

What is the treatment of trichiasis

A

Removal of eyelashes
Recurrent cases may require:….to prevent them regrowing
* Electrolysis
* Cryotherapy
* Laser treatment

22
Q

What is periorbital cellulitis and how does it present?

A

Periorbital cellulitis (AKA preseptal cellulitis) = eyelid + skin infection in front of the orbital septum (in front of the eye)

Presentation:
* Swollen, red, hot skin around the eyelid + eye

23
Q

What is the important differential of periorbital cellulitis?

A

ORBITAL CELLULITIS (sight- and life-threatening emergency)

CT scan = can distinguish between the two

24
Q

What is the treatment for periorbital cellulitis?

A

Systemic antibiotics (oral or IV)
Preorbital cellulitis can develop into orbital cellulitis, so vulnerable patients (e.g., children) or severe cases may require admission for monitoring.

25
Q

What is orbital cellulitis?

A

Orbital cellulitis = infection around the eyeball involving the tissues behind the orbital septum

Emergency admission

26
Q

How does orbital cellulitis present?

A
  • Pain with eye movement
  • Reduced eye movements
  • Vision changes
  • Abnormal pupil reactions
  • Proptosis (buldging forward of the eyeball)
27
Q

Management of orbital cellulitis

A
  • IV antibiotics
  • If abscess forms → surgical drainage

Phase 3a General Practice and Community (13 decks)

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