GFR and Urine Analysis Flashcards
1
Q
Two major causes of ESRD
A
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
2
Q
CKD Hypothesis
A
- Initial injury; decreased nephron mass or increased metabolic demand
- Increased work load for remaining nephrons
- Leads to hyperfiltration and hypertrophy
3
Q
CKD definition
A
1) Structural abnormalities
- Albuminuria
- Hematuria
- Casts
- Kidney transplant
2) eGFR < 60mL/min/1.73m^2
4
Q
Cockcroft Gault Equation
A
CrCl = (140-age)xBW/(72xSCr) (0.85 if female)
- underweight use total weight
- overweight use ideal weight
- obese use adjusted weight
5
Q
Red-orange color of urine
A
- Rifampin
- Crush injuries
6
Q
Turbidity
A
-sign of infection or crystals
7
Q
Foam
A
-sign of proteinuria
8
Q
White blood cells (WBC)
A
- UTI
- Pyelonephritis
- Acute interstitial nephritis (eosinophiluria)
9
Q
Tubular epithelial cells
A
- Tubular damage
- acute tubular necrosis
10
Q
Squamous cells
A
-Lower genital tract/skin contamination
11
Q
Casts
A
- masses of proteins/ cells
a) RBC- hematuria, glomerulonephritis
b) WBC- pyelonephritis, acute interstitial nephritis
c) Granular- pathogenic, acute tubular necrosis
12
Q
Crystals
A
-Drugs: acyclovir, sulfonamides
13
Q
Specific gravity
A
- low = diabetes insipidus
- high = inappropriate antidiuretic
14
Q
Proteinuria
A
-marker of kidney damage
15
Q
Glucose
A
-maker of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
