Gestational trophoblastic disorder

Question 1

What is a molar pregnancy?

Answer 1

hydatidiform mole is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease that arises due to an imbalance of paternal and maternal chromosomes during conception

Question 2

How may trophoblastic disorders be categorised?

Answer 2

Complete hydatidiform mole
Partial hydatidiform mole
Choriocarcinoma

Question 3

What is a complete hydatidiform mole?

Answer 3

formation from a single sperm and empty egg with no genetic material.

Sperm will replicate to have a normal number of chromosomes but no foetal tissue present – only proliferation of swollen chorionic villi

Question 4

What is a partial hydatidiform mole?

Answer 4

two sperm and normal egg, will have both paternal and maternal genetic information, variable evidence of foetal parts.

Question 5

Presentation of molar presentation?

Answer 5

Vaginal bleeding

Nausea

Hyperemesis gravidarum due to high hcg

thyrotoxicosis as hcg similar to tsh

enlargement of uterus

Question 6

How to investigate trophoblastic disorder?

Answer 6

B-hcg levels significantly higher

TVUS - snowstorm apperance if complete molar pregnancy

Question 7

‘solid collection of echoes with numerous small anechoic spaces’

Answer 7

Snowstorm apperance : complete form