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GCSE HISTORY > Germany key events > Flashcards

Germany key events Flashcards

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1
Q

Germany becoming a country

A

1877, a collection of small speaking countries that joined together led by a man called Otto Van Bismark

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2
Q

Monarchy definition

A

Head of state is a king or queen

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3
Q

Democracy definition

A

Public choose a leader by a vote

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4
Q

Constitutional monarchy definition

A

Head of state is a monarch but a democratically elected parliament makes the laws

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5
Q

Role of the Kaiser

A

Inherits position and rules like a king. Personal control over the army and foreign policy . Appoints and dismisses the chancellor and can dissolve the reichstag at any time

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6
Q

Role of the Chancellor

A

Runs the government and proposes new legislation. Doesn’t need the Reichstag or Bundesrat to stay in power

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7
Q

Role of the Bundesrat

A

Members are representatives from each state in German empire. It’s consent is needed for all legislation but can be overruled by the Kaiser, more powerful than the Reichstag

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8
Q

Role of the Reichstag

A

Members elected by public every 3 years. They pass or reject legislation handed down by the Bundesrat

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9
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

Total control lover Germany, unstable and annoyed at Britain. Believed in weltpolitik (world politics) meaning Germany should have a say in the world

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10
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II’s aims

A

Control the political system as he didn’t have much respect for the German parliament/ Reichstag. He also wanted to make Germany a leading world power and wanted an overseas empire like Britain and France

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11
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm’s difficulty in ruling Germany

A

Growth of socialism which developed through Germany becoming more industrial. More workers moved to cities to work in factories and wanted better wages and living conditions. They started supporting the Social Democrat Party (left wing) who became the largest party in the Reichstag in 1912. Kaiser really didn’t like this as it didn’t align with his aims at all

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12
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm’s Navy Laws

A

The Kaiser wanted a Navy to match Britain so he had to build more naval ships also because the German army had grown to 800,000. To get this money, they had to raise taxes which really annoyed people and further made them support the SPD who disagreed with building ships

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13
Q

Germany between 1914-1918

A

Germany loses the war because Britain blockades German ports and a famine starts where 300,000 civilians starve .

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14
Q

Germany after 1918

A

Low Morale after so many deaths and losing the war, mass starvation as little food imported into Germany, estimated 763,000 civilian and malnutrition deaths, led to growth of extreme parties

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15
Q

Mutinies and revolutions during Kaiser’s reign

A

In Oct/Nov 1918, Germany Navy were ordered to sea in Northern Germany to attack British ships, Sailors refused as they no longer wanted to fight. News of mutiny spread to ports nearby and workers supported soldiers. They all joined in protest together taking over towns and set up special councils. Germany was in chaos and Kaiser couldn’t do anything so he abdicated the throne.

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16
Q

MAIN causes of WW1

A

Militarism, Alliance, Imperialism, Nationalism

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17
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Signed on the 28th June 1918 in Versailles. It included a number of terms that sought to punish Germany for the role they played in the war

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17
Q

Spartacists Uprising

A

Jan 1919- Spartacus League was a communists group who disliked the Weimar government as they believed in complete equality. They went to Berlin in protest led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht. Ebert brings out Friekorps (ex soldiers) who fight against them. The leaders died but it had serious repercussions for Weimar Gov. They looked weak and showed they couldn’t protect themselves

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18
Q

Land lost in ToV

A

Germany was stripped of lots of land, In total, 13% of land was lots, 48% of its iron production lost and 6 million citizens. They also lost all of their colonies in Africa and Asia

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18
Q

Army lost in ToV

A

Army was limited to only 100,000 men. They weren’t allowed to build tanks, aeroplanes or submarines. This was to ensure Germany weren’t strong in more wars

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18
Q
A
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19
Q
A
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20
Q

Extreme left wing group

A

Communists

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21
Q

Middle left wing group

A

Socialists

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22
Q

Central political group

A

Liberalists (Democracy, freedom of individual choice)

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23
Q

Middle right wing group

A

Conservatists

24
Q

Extreme right wing group

A

Fascists (strong leader, no democracy, Nazis)

25
Q

What is a constitution

A

Having the president and chancellor work alongside the Reichstag all in parliament as a democratic republic. However, under Article 48, the president can accept things without the Reichstags say

26
Q

Kapp Putsch

A

March 1920- A right wing (fascist) group led by Wolfgang Kapp gathered 5000 men mainly Friekorps and took over Berlin. President Ebert and the rest of the gov fled from Berlin. However, Kapp didn’t have the support of the workers who went on strike. This meant he had no water, gas, electricity making it hard to carry on. After only 100 hours and Germany’s newest leader, Kapp gave in and fled. Weimar gov return to Berlin.

27
Q

Red Rising

A

March 1920, left wing communist workers in industrial areas of the Ruhr go on strike and rise up and take over several towns. The government, now back in Berlin, sent soldiers and some Friekorps to deal with the rebellion. Over 1000 workers were killed.

28
Q

Ruhr Crisis

A

1923- Germany fail to pay instalment of ToV reparations as they can’t afford it. Belgian and French troops don’t believe the. so they go to Germany to invade the Ruhr (industrial part of Germany) to get their money. People of the Ruhr voluntarily go on strike forcing the soldiers to leave. The German gov are so pleased with the people of the Ruhr that they start to print off more money to repay them. However, if more money is printed, it becomes worth less.

29
Q

Hyperinflation

A

More and money is printed until it gets really bad and they are printing off 100 trillion mark notes to get a loaf of bread which would have previously cost 1 mark in 1919. Middle class lose their savings and people burn money to keep warm. Old people find their pensions aren’t enough to live off.

30
Q

Munich Putsch

A

Night of 8th of November 1923, Hitler and 600 SA members burst into a meeting that Kahr (highly respected politician) and Lossow (Leader of the Army in Bavaria) were holding in a local beer hall. Waving a gun at them, Hitler forced them to agree to rebel against the government and then he let them go home after they ‘agreed’. The next day, Hitler and SA went to Munich on what they thought would be a triumphant march to take over power. However, Kahr had called in the police and army reinforcements. There was a short scuffle with four police and 16 members of the SA were killed. Hitler fled, but was arrested two days later. The Nazis failed but it made them more famous as Hitlers speech in trial made it into the newspapers.

31
Q

Who is Gustav Stresemann

A

Member of Germany’s Parliament since 1907. Was the Chancellor of Germany for 100 days in 1924 and then became Germany’s foreign minister from 1923 until his death in 1929 where he fixed Hyperinflation and other problems in Germany.

32
Q

How did Gustav Stresemann solve Hyperinflation

A

He stopped the printing of the old paper money and replaced it with a new temporary, currency called the Rentenmark which could be exchanged for the old currency. In 1924, this was replaced with the Reichsmark which was a stable currency lasting for the next 25 years.

32
Q

How did Gustav Stresemann solve French and Belgian troops being annoyed about the reparations not being payed

A

He met with the American vice, president Charles Dawes and arranged for the US to lend Germany money (800 million gold marks). This meant they could now pay what they owed. A repayment schedule was agreed where Germany restarted their reparations payment. This deal was called the ‘Dawes Plan’

32
Q

How did Gustav Stresemann improve Germany’s status

A

he worked hard to improve Germany’s relationship with other nations. In 1925, they signed the Locarno pact with Britain, France, Belgium, and Italy where they promised, never to invade each other. In 1926, they joined the league of Nations (International peacekeeping organisation) that they had previously been banned from. in 1928, they signed the Kellogg-Briand pact, so they couldn’t go to war, unless to defend themselves if attacked.

33
Q

How did Gustav Stresemann improve German industries

A

Some of the money Germany got from the Dawes plan. Went to building new factories, houses, schools and roads, meaning, more jobs and money for the country. Some American companies built factories in Germany, too.

34
Q

Germany’s Golden Age/ Weimar Culture

A
35
Q

Cinema in Weimar Culture

A
36
Q

Nightlife in Weimar Culture

A
37
Q

Literature in Weimar Culture

A
38
Q

Art/ Design in Weimar Culture

A
39
Q

Wall Street Crash 1929

A
40
Q

The affect of the Wall Street Crash on Germany/ Germany’s Depression

A
41
Q

Reasons for the Growth of the Nazi Party

A

The Depression, Germans being unhappy with the Weimar government, Appeal of Hitler, Fear of communists and Nazi Party structure

42
Q

How the Depression grew the Nazi Party

A
43
Q

How the Germans being unhappy with the government grew the Nazi Party

A
44
Q

How the appeal of Hitler grew the Nazi Party

A
45
Q

How the fear of German extremists (communists) grew the Nazi Party

A
46
Q

How the Nazi Party structure grew the Nazi Party

A
47
Q

Who voted for the Nazi Party

A

Farmers, Middle Class, Soldiers, Upper class and Women

48
Q

Why did farmers vote for the Nazis

A
49
Q

Why did the middle class vote for the Nazis

A
50
Q

Why did soldiers vote for the Nazis

A
51
Q

Why did the upper class vote for the Nazis

A
52
Q

Why did women vote for the Nazis

A
53
Q

What is a coalition government

A
54
Q

What is Article 48

A
55
Q

What happened at the 1930 Reichstag
Election

A
56
Q

What happened at the July 1932 election

A
57
Q

What happened at the Nov 1932 election

A
58
Q

What does Von Papen do after he is sacked as chancellor by President Hindenburg

A
59
Q
A

GCSE HISTORY (7 decks)

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