Geography_Test 1

Question 1

Weather

Answer 1

The condition of the air over a short period of time (several hours to a few days)

Question 2

Climate

Answer 2

The average weather conditions over many years(30 years)

Question 3

Common elements of climate/weather

Answer 3

1. Air temperature ( degree Celsius / Fahrenheit)____The amount of heat in the air

2.Wind direction (N,E,S,W) & Wind speed____The movement of air

3.Air pressure (hPa, hectopascal)____ the weight of air

4.Precipitation (amount of water falling from the sky in the form of rain, snow and hail)

5.Relative humidity (%)____ the amount of moisture in the air

6.Sunshine duration (h)____ the total amount of time that a place can receive sunshine

Question 4

What are the climatic characteristics of South China?

Answer 4

1. Distinct seasons— each season has its own characteristics
   - monsoon climate

2.extreme weather conditions in summer
-rainstorms
Typhoons

Question 5

Describe the characteristics of different seasons in HK

Answer 5

1.Summer
- May to September (5 months)
-hot and wet
-strong Southerly winds (onshore winds)
-with typhoons and rainstorms

2.Autumn
-October to November (2 months)
-warm and dry
Fine and sunny

3.Winter
- December to February (3 months)
- cold and dry
- strong northerly winds (offshore winds)

4.Spring
- March to April
- Mild and humid
- foggy

Question 6

What are Monsoons?

Answer 6

• Winds that change directions seasonally
• Blowing from one direction in Summer
• And from the opposite direction in winter

Question 7

Explain the formation of monsoons in Summer

Answer 7

1. The land of Asia is heated
2. Warm air rises, so low air pressure is formed over Asia
3. The temperature of Australia is low
4. Cold air sinks, so high air pressure is formed over Australia
5. Wind blows from high pressure to low pressure areas ( hot air rises and cold air fills its place)
6. Wind blows form Australia to Asia
   There are SE/S/SWmonsoons (onshore winds) [sea to land]
   7.onshore winds carry much moisture ( as it blows through oceans, which absorbs heat slower)
   8.Summer is usually rainy in HK

SUMMARY
Factors of Summer monsoon
1. Temperature difference &laquo_space;air pressure difference btw Australia and Asia «< wind direction
2. Diff. Btw the rate of absorption of heat btw sea and land & Oceans btw Australia and Asia &laquo_space;wet summers

Question 8

Explain the formation of monsoons in Winter

Answer 8

Factor one: diff. In temp Btw Australia and Asia
1. The land of Australia is heated
2. Warm air rises, so low air pressure is formed in Australia
3. The temperature in Asia is low
4. Cold air sinks, forming high temperature over Asia
5. Wind blows from high pressure areas to low pressure areas
6. Wind blows from Asia to Australia
7. NE/N monsoons (offshore winds)

Factor 2: diff. In rate of losing heat btw oceans and land
1. The land loses heat quickly, so the land surface is cold. Cold air sinks, forming high air pressure over the land.
2. Water loses heat slower, the air over the sea is warmer. Worm air sinks, resulting in the formation of low pressure over the sea
3. Air moves from high air pressure to low air pressure ares. Wind blows from land to sea
4. The offshore winds contains less moisture, making winters in HK cold and dry.