Genito-urinary System

Question 1

state what is included in the urinary system (4)

Answer 1

• kidney
• uterus
• bladder
• urethra

Question 2

role of kidney (brief)

Answer 2

filter the blood to produce urine

Question 3

role of ureters

Answer 3

transport urine from kidney to urinary bladder

Question 4

role of urinary bladder

Answer 4

collection area of urine before it is released

Question 5

role of urethra

Answer 5

tube that urine travels from bladder in order to be removed from body

Question 6

where are the kidneys located

Answer 6

located on the posterior wall of the abdomen from T12-L3 (the back)

Question 7

where do the adrenal glands sit

Answer 7

on top of each kidney

Question 8

vital functions of kidneys (name 4)

Answer 8

• maintains blood volume and regulated fluid balance, electrolytes and pH
• regulates development of red blood cells
• maintenance of blood pressure
• regulation of calcium and phosphorus balance

Question 9

what are the macroscopic components of the renal system

Answer 9

kidneys, uterus, bladder, urethera, renal cortex

Question 10

what is the microscopic components of the renal system

Answer 10

glomerulus, bowmans capsule, nephron

Question 11

what is inside the renal pyramid

Answer 11

nephrons

Question 12

what does the glomerulus do in the kidney

Answer 12

filter all low molecular weight materials (water, salts, sugars, drugs) out the blood

Question 13

function of nephron in kidney

Answer 13

reabsorbs materials the body needs - water, salts, sugars etc

Question 14

how much nephrons are there in one kidney

Answer 14

approximately 1 million

Question 15

what is the minimum amount of nephrons we need in our kidneys so that it functions normally

Answer 15

300,000 nephrons

Question 16

how is urine formed in the nephrons (4 steps)

Answer 16

• glomerular filtration
• tubular reabsorption
• tubular secretion
• concentration

Question 17

what is glomerular filtration

Answer 17

the process of creating a plasma like filtrate of the blood

Question 18

what is tubular reabsorption

Answer 18

removing useful solutes from the filtrate and returns it on the blood

Question 19

what is tubular secretion

Answer 19

removes additional wastes from the blood and adds them to the filtrate

Question 20

what is concentration

Answer 20

removing of water from urine and concentrates wastes alltogether

Question 21

what is glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Answer 21

driving force that pushes water and solutes across the filtration membrane

Question 22

what is the normal urine pH

Answer 22

4.6-8

Question 23

what is the normal serum

Answer 23

7.35-7.45