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BIOLOGY > Genetics Unit Test > Flashcards

Genetics Unit Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who is Gregor Mendel

A

An Austrian monk who is known as the father of genetics
Attempted to explain the inheritance of traits from generation to generation

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2
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Neither allele is dominant or recessive

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3
Q

Co-Dominance

A

Both alleles for a trait may be dominant

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4
Q

Multiple alleles

A

Genes with more than two alleles

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5
Q

Sex linkage

A

The pattern of inheritance resulting from genes located on the X chromosome

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6
Q

Allele

A

Alternate forms of a gene controlling a given characteristic such as height

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7
Q

Gene

A

Made up of a piece of DNA which is responsible for coding for a certain trait

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8
Q

XXX

A

Sterile but normal

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9
Q

Turner syndrome

A

X

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10
Q

X

A

Sterile
Short webbed neck
Underdeveloped sex organs
Low mental development

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11
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

XXY

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12
Q

XXY

A

Sterile male
Tall
Thin
Long legs
Female characteristics

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13
Q

Y

A

Not viable

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14
Q

XYY

A

Normal males
Aggressive behaviour
Tall

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15
Q

What phase do chromosomes change from diploid to haploid

A

Telophase 1

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16
Q

What 4 chemicals are found in DNA

A

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

17
Q

What stage do spindle fibres form in mitosis

A

Prophase

18
Q

What does the zygote cell look like after fertilization

A

Diploid
23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

19
Q

At the end of meiosis II, how many haploid cells have been formed from the original parent cell

A

4

20
Q

True or false: in females, all egg cells are produced just before puberty begins

A

False

21
Q

True or false: the union of sex cells restores the diploid number of chromosomes

A

True

22
Q

True or false: Cytokinesis is nuclear division, dividing the nucleus

A

False

23
Q

True or false: spermatogenesis is the production of all gametes in animals

A

False

24
Q

Significance of synapsis

A

Increase of genetic variation in the sex cells (gametes)

25
Q

What is a member of a gene pair that determines a specific trait

A

Allele

26
Q

What is Gregor Mendel known as

A

Father of genetics

27
Q

Hybrid

A

Has genes that are different for a trait

28
Q

Patau syndrome

A

Trisomy 13

29
Q

Edward’s syndrome

A

Trisomy 18

30
Q

Down syndrome

A

Trisomy 21

31
Q

Turner syndrome

A

X

32
Q

Klinefelters syndrome

A

XXY

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