Genetics Lesson 1 Flashcards
What is a nucleus? What does it do?
It’s a small spherical, dense body in a cell. It’s the control center, controls all the activities of the cell including cell reproduction, and heredity
What does DNA stand for? What does it do?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. It controls the production of proteins within the cell.
What are chromosomes composed of?
Genes
Gene is?
Gene is a segment of DNA that codes for particular protein, which then codes for a trait.
DNA is? Why is it called a nucleic acid
DNA is the chemical that genes and chromosomes are made of, it’s called a nucleic acid because it was first found in the nucleus.
Where is dna found other than the nucleus
The mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Who established the structure of dna
James Watson and Francis crick
What are the 4 Pairs of nitrogen bases? Which is purines? Which are pyrimidines?
Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine. Purines are adenine and guanine. Pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine.
What is the base pair rule
Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine always pairs with cytosine.
What makes up a nucleotide.
Single base, a deoxyribose sugar, and phosphate
What is the process of copying dna called? When does it occur
Replication, it occurs during interphase
Genetics
Study of heredity and variation of inherited characteristics
Chromosomes
The individual coiled up molecules of dna
Chromatid
A single “arm” in a duplicated chromosome.
Diploid cell
Body cell or somatic cell is a diploid cell which contains 46 chromosomes
