Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

science 2 > GENETICS ehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh > Flashcards

GENETICS ehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Flashcards

study for test then forget

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

all the characteristics of an organism

A

trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the passing of traits from parents to offspring

A

heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the study of how traits are inherited

A

genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

coiled structures made of DNA and proteins called histones

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

chromosomes are divided into these areas

A

gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the genetic material in our cells

A

dna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a complete set of human chromosomes

A

karyotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

his discoveries formed the basis of genetics, the science of heredity (known for his pea plant experiment)

A

gregor mendel (father of modern genetics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

only one gene for the trait needs to be present for the trait to show

A

dominant trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

both genes for the trait must be present for the trait to show

A

recessive trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the gentic makeup of an organism for a trait or traits (AA, Aa, aa)

A

genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the form of the trait that shows up (taster, left handed, red hair)

A

phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

both genes for the trait are the same (AA,aa)

A

purebred (homozygous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

has one dominant and one recessive gene (Aa)

A

hybrid (heterozygous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an alternative form of a trait

A

allele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heterozygote produces an intermediate phenotype

A

incomplete dominance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

traits controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes

A

sex-linked trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the process in which a diploid set of chromosomes is reduced to a haploid set in order to produce gametes

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a cross where the parents differ in only one trait (AA x aa)

A

monohybrid cross

20
Q

a cross where the parents differ in 2 traits (AABB x aabb)

A

dihybrid cross

21
Q

The specific location of a gene or DNA sequence or position on a chromosome

A

gene locus (pl.loci)

22
Q

1 set of chromosomes (gamete)

A

haploid

23
Q

2 sets of chromosomes (zygote)

A

diploid

24
Q

egg and sperm cell

A

gamete

25
Q

a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the properties of a base

A

nitrogenous base

26
Q

a nucleic acid similar to DNA. It has only one strand and substitutes the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T)

A

RNA

27
Q

one strand of DNA is copied onto a strand of mRNA (messenger RNA)

A

transcritipion

28
Q

the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins

A

translation

29
Q

a word in the DNA code; each is 3 bases long

A

codon

30
Q

the form of RNA that mediates the transfer of genetic information from the nucleus to ribosomes

A

messenger RNA

31
Q

brings amino acids to ribosomes, where they are joined together to form proteins

A

transfer RNA

32
Q

a change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA

A

mutation / mutagen

33
Q

the complete set of all of the genetic information of a species

A

genome

34
Q

useful tools for studying inheritance patterns

A

pedigree

35
Q

DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms

A

recombinant DNA

36
Q

the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes

A

biotechnology

37
Q

an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases

A

restriction enzyme

38
Q

a test used to identify and evaluate the genetic info in a person’s cells

A

DNA fingerprint

39
Q

has the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth

A

stem cell

40
Q

how is it possible that a person show a trait that neither of their parents show?

A

it could be a recessive trait that you inherited that wasnt expressed in your parents (heterozygous parents)

41
Q

give two examples of sex linked traits

A

color blindness

hemophilia

42
Q

name the 4 DNA bases and show which ones are paired together

A

adenine - thymine

cytosine - guanine

43
Q

give two examples of GMO (genetically modified)

A

corn, sugarcane, strawberries

44
Q

use the terms:replication, transcription, and translation to explain the processes involved in making a protein

A

DNA is copied into the process of REPLICATION. DNA is copied into mRNA in the process of TRANSCRIPTION (in nucleus). Then the mRNA is transported to the ribosomes which create protein in the process of TRANSLATION.

44
Q

How does dna control all of our physical traits

A

It carries all the info for our physical traits which are determine by proteins and dna contains the instructions for making the protein.

45
Q

Argument for and against transgenic organisms

A

Benefits crops by making them more resistant

Can create dangerous unpredictable side effects

science 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions