Genetics and Mitosis Flashcards
the life cycle of a cell
Cell Cycle
in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and
protein
Chromosome
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same
structure
Homologous Chromosomes-
-in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the
the same number of chromosomes
Mitosis
the division of the cytoplasm in the cell
Cytokinesis
-a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original
number by 2 divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores)
Meiosis
-one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
Sex Chromosomes
-the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
Heredity
a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are
inherited
Recessive Trait
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are
bred
Dominant Trait
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
Gene
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color
Allele
-the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more
specific traits
Genotype
-an organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristics
Phenotype
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
Probability
