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Genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ancestor

A

a person from whom one is descended from

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2
Q

Descendant

A

a person, plant, or animal that is descended from a particular ancestor

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

genetic material is donated from only one parent; offspring are identical to the parent and each other (uniform)

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

made of DNA located in the nucleus; contains genetic information needed to carry our cell functions and make new cells

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5
Q

Allele

A

one of two or more genes that may occur on a chromosome

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6
Q

Diverse Offspring

A

different combinations of alleles from each parent

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7
Q

Uniform Offspring

A

Offspring that are identical to the parent

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8
Q

DNA

A

Located in the nucleus; determines the genetic traits of an organism (deoxyribonucleic acid)`

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9
Q

Gene

A

a segment of DNA found on a chromosome; determines the inheritance of a particular trait

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10
Q

Heredity

A

the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next

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11
Q

Genetics

A

the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

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12
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

genetic material is donated from two parents; offspring differ from each parent and each other (diverse)

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13
Q

Traits

A

behavioral characteristics or physical attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes and/or influenced by the environment

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14
Q

Heterozygous

A

-If an individual carries two different genres for a trait (Aa)

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15
Q

Homozygous

A

If an individual carries the same two alleles for a gene (AA or aa)

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16
Q

Dominant Trait

A

inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele

17
Q

Recessive Trait

A

a trait that is expressed when an organism has two recessive alleles

18
Q

Genotype

A

the genetic constitution of an individual organism

19
Q

Phenotype

A

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

20
Q

Punnet Square

A

used to calculate and depict all the combinations of the different genotypes and phenotypes among the offspring

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