Genetics

Question 1

In asexual reproduction is rare in vertebrates; true or false?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sexual reproduction is better why

Answer 2

Produce offspring that are not genetically identical creating variation which means there is a greater chance the offfspring will survive an environmental change

Question 3

Asexual reproduction is better why

Answer 3

Quicker
Adv; plant growth is most rapid in summer, asexual reproduction lets aphids make the most of all the available food cos they are born before

Question 4

How are gametes reproduced

Answer 4

Through meiosis

Question 5

Explain the stages of meiosis

Answer 5

Eg:
Gamete has 2 pairs of chromosomes
Undergoes replication so 4 pairs of chromosomes
The cell divides into two so 2 pairs of chromosomes in each
The cell divides into two again leaving one pair of chromosome in 4 unique daughter cells. They are haploid

Question 6

Base pairs name

Answer 6

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

Question 7

Phosphate group and sugar form the

Answer 7

Backbone of the dna strand

Question 8

Hydrogen bond in the middle of complementary base pairs because

Answer 8

Slightly negatively charged base attracts a slightly positively charged base
Weak force of attraction

Question 9

mRNA uses U instead of T true or false

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Transciption describe

Answer 10

RNA polymerase attaches to DNA & separates a strand
Moves along one strand called template strand and codes mRNA (U instead of T)
IN THE NUCLEUS

Question 11

Translation describe

Answer 11

mRNA travels out of nuclear pores into cytoplasm and attaches to ribosomes
Ribosome moves along the mRNA reading a codon (three bases at a time)
tRNA attaches to amino acids (complementary to base ) forms a polypeptide chain
Polypeptide chain then folds in on itself to form protein that has a specific shape

Question 12

What does it meant to have a codominant blood group

Answer 12

When your alleles are both IA and IB which are dominant compared to the recessive IO

Question 13

Acquired characteristics

Answer 13

Charastics of the individual that are changed by the environment

Question 14

Human genome project describe plus adv

Answer 14

Mapped over 25000 genes
Treat and test for faulty alleles and common genetic disorders
May increase stress
Geneism people could be pressurised not to have children
Life insurance may be almost impossible to obtain if serious conditions are known

Question 15

A man with cystic fibrosis may be infertile

Answer 15

Because he produces too much mucus in his speed duct which could block the movement of sperm.