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bio year 12 > Genetic code > Flashcards

Genetic code Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of DNA that codes for polypeptides and functional RNA

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2
Q

What are some proteins made up of and what does that mean

A

some genes made up of multiple polypeptides meaning they are coded for by multiple genes

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3
Q

What can genes code for other than polypeptides

A

Functional RNA

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4
Q

What is functional RNA

A

RNA that has a functional role in an organism other than coding for proteins

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5
Q

What 2 processes that must occur for a gene to code for a polypeptide

A

Transcription and translation

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6
Q

Outline transcription

A

Process of making messenger RNA from a DNA template

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7
Q

Outline translation

A

The process of making proteins by forming a specific sequence of amino acids based on coded instructions in mRNA

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8
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein determined by

A

The sequence of bases in the gene

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9
Q

What does the primary structure of a protein determine

A

The tertiary structure (3D shape protein folds into)

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10
Q

What is the genetic code

A

The specific sequence of bases in DNA or RNA that codes for a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis

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11
Q

What are the features of the genetic code

A
  • Triplet code
  • Degenerate code
  • Non-overlapping code
  • It is universal
  • Each sequence of bases is called a codon
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12
Q

Describe a triplet code

A

The bases of DNA are read in groups of 3

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13
Q

Describe a degenerate code

A

Some amino acids can be coded for by more than one triplet code

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14
Q

Describe a non-overlapping code

A

Only read in 3’s and then move onto next 3 bases

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15
Q

Describe universal genetic code

A

It is found in all organisms on earth

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16
Q

What is a codon

A

A sequence of 3 bases of RNA or DNA that codes for a specific amino acid sequence

17
Q

What are the 4 codons that are different to others

A
  • Start codon

- 3 stop codons

18
Q

What does start codon do

A

Signals where to begin reading the genetic code

19
Q

What does start codon code for

A

The amino acid methionine which can later be removed from the polypeptide if not required

20
Q

What do the stop codons do

A

They do not code for any amino acid so cause translation to cease

21
Q

What are the 3 stop codons

A
  • TAG
  • TAA
  • TGA
22
Q

How many triplet combinations does the triplet code produce

A

64

23
Q

What does it mean that their are 64 triplet codes but only 20 amino acids

A

More than one codon codes for the same amino acid

bio year 12 (5 decks)

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