genes (brain and behavior) Flashcards
niko tinbergen and his 4 questions(mechanism, ontogeny, adaptation, evolution)
how is it produced (mechanism)
how does it development in individuals (ontogeny)
why do variations in behavior influence fitness (adaptation)
why did it evolve (evolution)
proxmiate (and its two questions)
proximate (how)
- how is it produced (neural mechanisms)
- now does it develop (is it learned)
ultimate (and its two questions)
ultimate (why)
- why did it evolve
- why it is adaptive (attract mates)
traditional approaches to studying behavior genetics (natural varient and single gene mutant)
natural variant approach (variants in the pop)
- jerry hirsch - artificial selection
- mutations occur naturally
single gene mutant approach (induce mutations)
period gene
when fly is awake or asleep
- period gene (per)
- mutations - ASPS - advanced sleep phase syndrome
behavior - forager gene
foraging (for) gene in honey bees - regulates expression transition from nurse (young, stay in hive) to forager (old, leave hive)
- for expression increases in adults naturally going from nurse to forager
- manipulating colonies and increasing for turns nurses into foragers
neural - egr-1 (zenk) in birds or foxp2 in humans
- encodes transcription factors - turn on downstream genes
- can suppress or enhance transcription of other genes
- expression is linked with familiarity - unheard song = stronger response, familiar song = little/no response
pair bonding in voles
- neuropeptide vasopressin and oxytocin
- vasopressin receptor V1aR in brain
interspecific comparison
high pair bonding - prairie
solitary - meadow
vp = ventral pallidum
aav = agents used to drive v1ar expression in the vp
courtship in drosophila
fruitless (fru) spliced alternatively
com - female and male, m - male
fruM - important for courtship
- removal in males made them GAYYYY
- adding to females made them gayyyy and form chains
