Genes and Inheritance Flashcards
Define the term ‘definition’.
- Changes to the base sequence of DNA
- Can be caused by errors during DNA replication
What types of errors can occur?
- Substitution: One base substituted for another
- Deletion: One base is deleted
- Insertion: Extra base(s) are added.
Define the term ‘gene’.
A sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a protein, which results in a characteristic.
Define the term ‘allele’
A different version of the gene. Many organisms have two copies of each gene (one from each parent)
Define the term ‘genotype’.
The alleles a person has.
Define the term ‘phenotype’.
The characteristics displayed by an organism.
Define the term ‘dominant’.
An allele whose characteristic appears in the genotype even if there is a recessive gene present.
Define the term ‘recessive’.
An allele whose characteristic only appears in the phenotype of two copies are present.
Define the term ‘incomplete dominance’.
When the trait from a dominant allele isn’t completely shown over the trait produced by the recessive allele so both alleles influence the phenotype.
Define the term ‘homozygote’.
An organism that carries two copies of the same allele for a certain characteristic.
Define the term ‘heterozygote’.
An organism that carries two different alleles for a certain characteristic.
Define the term ‘carrier’.
A carrier is someone that has one dominant and one recessive allele.
What is monohybrid inheritance?
The inheritance of a single characteristic controlled by different alleles.
