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Chemistry > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

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0
Q

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?

A

They have the same number of electrons

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1
Q

Define an isotope

A

Atom with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

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2
Q

What is meant by the term relative atomic mass?

A

The mean mass of an atom compared to the mass of another atom

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3
Q

Explain why cracking is an important process in the oil industry

A

Longer chains are made into shorter more useful chains
Short chains burn more cleanly
Alkenes are produces and can make alcohol

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4
Q

How does temperature change affect rate of reaction?

A

The time taken would decrease with higher temperatures
Particles have more energy (kinetic)
Diffuses faster

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5
Q

Describe how a student can carry out a flame test?

A

Use a wire
Put the solid/solution over the flame
Make sure the flame is blue

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6
Q

Name a material used for electrodes

A

Graphite

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7
Q

State one major cost that makes extracting aluminium more expensive than extracting iron

A

Replacing the anodes

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8
Q

Describe what is seen when a small piece of sodium is dropped in water

A

Fizzing
Floats top
Disappears

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9
Q

Describe in terms of electrons what happens when sodium atoms react with oxygen atoms

A

Two Na atoms transfer one electron each to one oxygen atom making the Na positively charged.

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10
Q

What colour flame does Lithium + turn?

A

Red

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11
Q

What colour flame does sodium + turn?

A

Yellow

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12
Q

What is the flame test for potassium +?

A

Lilac

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13
Q

What is the flame test for calcium 2+?

A

Red/orange

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14
Q

What is the test for ammonia?

A

Damp red litmus paper turns blue

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15
Q

What is simple distillation used for?

A

To separate out solutions

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16
Q

What is fractional distillation used for?

A

To separate a mixture of liquids

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17
Q

How does chromatography separate mixtures?

A

Different dyes will move up the paper at different rates

The distance the dyes travel depends on the solvent and the paper you use

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18
Q

Why would you use chromatography?

A

If you want to work out what dyes are present in an unknown substance

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19
Q

What order does the periodic table go in?

A

In order of increasing atomic number

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20
Q

What is the empirical formula of a compound?

A

The simplest formula that tells you the ratio of different elements in the compound

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21
Q

What is the molecular formula?

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a single molecule

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22
Q

All solid salts consist of a lattice. What is water in a lattice called?

A

Water of crystallisation

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23
Q

What is a solid salt containing water of crystallisation called?

A

Hydrated

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24
Q

What is a salt that doesn’t contain any water in a lattice?

A

Anhydrous

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25
Q

In group 1, are elements more or less reactive as you go down?

A

More reactive

26
Q

Why do atoms lose electrons more easily as you go down group 1?

A

As you go down, the outer electron is further from the nucleus so there is less attraction between the nucleus and the electron

27
Q

What is the reaction like with lithium and water?

A

It moves slowly around the surface
Fizzing
Then disappears

28
Q

What is the reaction between potassium and water like?

A

Reacts vigorously and burns with a lilac flame

Sometimes explodes

29
Q

Why are noble gases inert?

A

They have a full outer shell so do not want to gain or lose electrons

30
Q

What does hydrogen chloride gas do in water?

A

It dissociates and produces H+ ions, so it’s acidic

31
Q

What is the test for hydrochloric acid?

A

Blue litmus paper turns red/pink

32
Q

What % of nitrogen is there in the atmosphere?

A

78%

33
Q

What % of oxygen is there in the atmosphere?

A

21%

34
Q

What % of carbon dioxide is there in the atmosphere?

A

0.04%

35
Q

What is needed for rust to be formed?

A

When iron is in contact with oxygen and water

36
Q

What type of reaction is rusting?

A

Oxidation as it gains oxygen to form iron(III) oxide

37
Q

What are the 2 main ways to prevent rusting and how does it work?

A

Barrier method (paining or oiling) as it keeps away the oxygen and water

Galvanising - sacrificial metal - zinc as it is more reactive and so zinc reacts with water and oxygen, and not iron

38
Q

What are the 2 uses of C02?

A

Fizzy drinks - C02 dissolves in water and forms carbonic acid

Fire extinguishers - it’s more dense than air so it sinks and stops the oxygen getting to the fire

39
Q

In sodium hydroxide test, what colour does copper turn?

A

Blue

40
Q

In sodium hydroxide test, iron (II) turns what colour?

A

Green

41
Q

What colour does iron (III) turn in a sodium hydroxide test?

A

Brown (rust)

42
Q

In a silver nitrate precipitation test, what colour does chlorine turn?

A

White

43
Q

In a silver nitrate precipitation, what colour does bromine turn?

A

Cream

44
Q

In a silver nitrate precipitation test, what colour does iodine turn?

A

Yellow

45
Q

What are the products of an incomplete combustion of an alkane?

A

Carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide an water

46
Q

What does the rate of reaction depend on? (4 things)

A

Temperature
Concentration (or pressure for gases)
Catalyst
Size of particles (or surface area)

47
Q

What is the electrolyte used in industrial production of chlorine?

A

Brine

48
Q

What is an example of galvanising?

A

Pipes

49
Q

Which one of the three particles has the smallest mass?

A

Electron

50
Q

Atoms are neutral because they contain equal numbers of what?

A

Protons and electrons

51
Q

In chromatography, why should the water level be below the food dyes?

A

So they don’t dissolve into it

52
Q

What is an element in group 7 that is a solid at room temperature?

A

Astatine/iodine

53
Q

As you go down group 7 do elements get more or less reactive?

A

Less reactive

54
Q

Why does solid lead (II) bromide not conduct electricity?

A

The ions cannot move in solids

55
Q

What is the word equation for the complete combustion of an alkane?

A

Alkane + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

56
Q

What is the equation for the incomplete combustion of an alkane?

A

Alkane + oxygen —> carbon + carbon monoxide + carbon dioxide + water

57
Q

What must be present in the reaction between a halogen and an alkane?

A

UV light

58
Q

What is produced in the reaction between methane and bromine?

A

Bromomethane + hydrogen bromide

59
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction between methane and bromine?

A

Substitution

60
Q

What is a property of helium that makes it better at filling balloons than hydrogen?

A

It’s not flammable

61
Q

What does volatile mean?

A

How easily something catches fire

62
Q

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?

A

They have the same number of outer shell electrons

63
Q

Define the term covalent bond?

A

Attraction between a shared pair of electrons and protons in the nuclei

Chemistry (8 decks)

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