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[OS 201] 3rd Lecture Exam > Gene Expression > Flashcards

Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

A

DNA Replication
Transcription
Translation

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2
Q

Define: Constitutive Expression

A

Genes that are constantly transcribed (I.E. Housekeeping Genes)

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3
Q

Define: Facultative Expression

A

Genes that are not always expressed (I.E. Heat Shock Proteins)

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4
Q

Steps in Gene Expression

A
  1. Activation of signal transduction by physical or chemical cues from the environment
  2. Chromatin Remodelling
  3. Transcription
  4. mRNA Transport
  5. Translation
  6. Post-translational Modification
  7. Protein Sorting/Targeting
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5
Q

[Types of RNA Polymerase]

Type I
Location
Products
Effect of Alpha Amanitin

A

[I]

Nucleolus
rRNA
Insensitive

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6
Q

[Types of RNA Polymerase]

Type II
Location
Products
Effect of Alpha Amanitin

A

Nucleoplasm

mRNA
miRNA
snRNA

HIgh sensitivity

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7
Q

[Types of RNA Polymerase]

Type III
Location
Products
Effect of Alpha Amanitin

A

Nucleoplasm

tRNA
5S Subunit of rRNA

Intermediate Sensitivity

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8
Q

What is Alpha-Amanitin?

A

Toxin used to determine type of RNA polymerase

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9
Q

What genes are unique to prokaryotes?

A

Polycistronic Genes

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10
Q

What steps in Gene Expression are not present in prokaryotes?

A

Chromatin Remodelling
mRNA Transport
Post-translational Modification

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11
Q

TATA Box

Location

A

TATAAT

-10 Base Pair

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12
Q

TTGACA Box Location

A

-35 Base Pair

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13
Q

rRNA

Function
Abundance
Stability

A

Ribosomal basic structure component
80%
Very Stable

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14
Q

mRNA

Function
Abundance
Stability

A

Codes for proteins
2-5%
Unstable-Very Stable

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15
Q

tRNA

Function
Abundance
Stability

A

Adaptors between mRNA and Amino Acids
15%
Very Stable

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16
Q

snRNA

Function
Abundance
Stability

A

Spicing of pre-mRNA
>/= 1%
Very Stable

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17
Q

snoRNA

Function

A

Guide medical modifications of other RNAs

18
Q

miRNA

Function
Abundance
Stability

A

Participates in gene silencing and target degradation
<1%
Stable

19
Q

Differences Transcription vs DNA Replication (3)

A

 RNA strand does not remain H-bonded to the DNA template
 RNA molecules produced are released from DNA template as single strands
 RNA molecules are shorter than DNA molecules

20
Q

Differences RNA Polymerase vs DNA Polymerase (2)

A

 RNA polymerase catalyzes linkage of ribonucleotides, not deoxy-ribonucleotides
 RNA polymerase can initiate elongation without a primer

21
Q

Function: Guanylyltransferase

A

Catalyzes the addition of the guanosine triphosphate part of the cap

22
Q

Function: Guanine-7-methyltransferase

A

Catalyzes cytosolic methylation of the terminal guanine at the 7th nitrogen of the purine ring

23
Q

Function: S-adenosylmethionine

A

Source of the methyl group

24
Q

[Cleavage of Pre-mRNA]

Termination signal of mRNA

How many BP away from the sequence?

A

AAUAAA

30-35 BP

25
Q

[Addition of Poly-A Tail]

Function

Added by what?

What is the signal?

A

Stabilizes the mRNA and facilitates its exit from nucleus to the cytosol

Polyadenlyate Polymerase

AAUAAA signal

26
Q

What is added during the synthesis of the 5’ cap? How is it linked?

A

7-methyl-guanosine cap at the 5’ terminal end of the pre-mRNA

Tri-phosphate linkage

27
Q

[Transport of mRNA from Nucleus to Cytoplasm]

Function: Mlp-1-2 Complex

A

Prohibits improperly transcribed mRNA strands from passing NPC

28
Q

[Transport of mRNA from Nucleus to Cytoplasm]

Function: TREX

A

Plays a role in mRNA packaging and nuclear export

29
Q

Site of Amino Acid attachment on tRNA

A

3’-end

30
Q

Number of rRNA in

Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes

A

E: 4
P: 3

31
Q

[Ribosomes]

Prokaryotic Subunits?
Eurkaryotic Subunits?

A

P: 50S + 30S = 70S
E: 60S + 40S = 80S

32
Q

[Three Binding Sites for tRNA]

A Site
P Site
E Site

A

A: Acceptor site
P: Carries chain of AA already synthesized
E: Exit Site

33
Q

[tRNA Post Processing]

Removal of?

A

Leader sequence at 5’ End

34
Q

[tRNA Post Processing]

Replacement of?

A

Two nucleotides at the 3’ end by the sequence CCA (Which all mature tRNA molecules terminate)

35
Q

[tRNA Post Processing]

Chemical Modification of?

A

Bases

36
Q

[tRNA Post Processing]

Excision of?

A

Introns

37
Q

Function: Streptomycin

A

Changes shape of 30S portion

Causes mRNA code to be read incorrectly

38
Q

Function: Tetracyclines

A

Interfere with attachment of tRNA to mRNA-Ribosome Complex

39
Q

Function: Erythromycin

A

Binds to 50S portion, prevents translocation-movement of ribosome along mRNA

40
Q

Function: Chloramphenicol

A

Binds to 50S Portion

Inhibits Peptide Bond Formation

[OS 201] 3rd Lecture Exam (2 decks)

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