Gastrointestinal: conditions Flashcards
GORD
- Symptoms
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Heartburn/retrosternal chest pain
- Regurgitation
- Aspiration: hoarse voice, chronic cough, sore throat
Risk factors
- Past/family history (ask about scope)
- Diet: acidic (carbonated drinks, spicy, citrus/tomatoes), caffeine (including chocolate), high fat food
- Medical history: hiatus hernia, pregnant
- Smoking, alcohol
Peptic ulcer disease
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Epigastric pain
- N&V
- Bloating
Risk factors
- Personal/family history (ask about scope)
- NSAIDs
- H pylori
- Smoking + alcohol
Pancreatitis
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Epigastric/LUQ pain, may radiate to back. Severe, constant, itis positive
- Vomiting
- Jaundice (if due to gallstone in AoV)
- Fever, sweats, rigours
Risk factors
- Personal history of pancreatitis
- Alcohol in the past 24 hours
- Personal/family history of gallstones
- Hypertriglyceridemia
Appendicitis
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Migratory abdominal pain (epigastrium –> RIF)
Nausea and vomiting
Fever
Diarrhoea and constipation
Anorexia
Smoking (including second hand smoke exposure)
Diverticular disease
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors
Left lower quadrant pain
Nausea and vomiting
Fever
Constipation and diarrhoea (+- blood for diverticulosis)
Abdominal distension
Demographics: increased age
PMHx: obesity
Medications: NSAIDs, opioids
Social history: constipation (low fibre diet)
Gastroenteritis
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Diarrhoea
- Abdominal pain/cramping
- N&V
- Anorexia
- Fever
- Dehydration
Risk factors
- Sick contacts
- Contaminated food and water
- Travel in past month
- C diff: hospitalisation, antibiotics
- Immunosuppression
- Sexual history (shigellosis)
- Crowded settings - nursing home, day care
IBD
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
- Flare up risk factors?
Symptoms
- Abdominal pain (RLQ for ileitis, LLQ for colitis)
- Diarrhoea +- blood
- Fever, fatigue, night sweats, unexplained weight loss
Risk factors
- Personal + family history of IBD/autoimmune conditions
Flare up
- Stress
- Specific foods
- NSAIDs
- Recent infection
- Smoking (Crohn’s only)
Coeliac disease
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Abdominal pain
- Abdominal distension (bloating)
- Chronic diarrhoea
- Fatigue + weight loss
Risk factors
- Other autoimmune conditions
- Family history of coeliac
IBS
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Abdominal pain
- Abdominal distension (bloating)
- Constipation/diarrhoea
Risk factors
- Family history
- Previous enteric infection
- Stress
Intestinal obstruction
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Vomiting
- BNO
- Abdominal distension
Risk factors
- SBO: past abdominal surgery
- LBO: bowel cancer (persona/family history of cancer, altered bowel habit leading to presentation, fatigue/weight loss)
Intestinal ischemia
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Sever abdo pain (may radiate to chest or back)
- LOC
Risk factors
- As per AMI (technically, diabetes is protective)
- Connective tissue disorders: Marfan, Ehlers Danlos
Colorectal cancer
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptom
- Altered bowel habit - constipation, diarrhoea, blood/mucus in stool
- Fever, fatigue, night sweats, unexplained weight loss
Risk factors
Hernias
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Lump
- Bowel obstruction
- Strangulation: pain, discolouration
Increased intra abdominal pressure
* Lifting heavy objects (weightlifters)
* Straining during coughing/sneezing/constipation
* Abdominal distension
○ Obesity
○ Pregnancy
○ Ascites
Weakened tissues
* Congenital defects: patent processus vaginalis, patent umbilical ring
* Collagen disorders: Ehlers Danlos syndrome, vitamin C deficiency, family history of hernias
* Trauma: including surgery
* Ageing
* Chronic malnutrition
Long term corticosteroid use
Haemorrhoids
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Perianal abscess/fistula
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Gall bladder disease
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- RUQ/epigastric pain, may radiate to right back and shoulder; constant with exacerbations
- Vomiting
- Jaundice
- Fever/rigours/sweats
Risk factors
- Personal/family history of gallstones
- Female, obesity
Viral hepatitis
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Jaundice
- Pain
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Fever, fatigue
Risk factors
- Recent travel
- IV drug use
- Blood infusions
- Tattoos (especially if done overseas)
- Sexual history
Cirrhosis of the liver
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Alcoholic liver disease
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Portal hypertension
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Liver failure (general)
- Symptoms?
- Risk factors?
Symptoms
- Jaundice
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal distension
- Leg swelling, SOB, chest pain
- Confusion, tremor
- Fatigue
Risk factors
- Cirrhosis
- Alcoholism
- Hepatitis
- Malignancy
- CCF
Kidney stones
- Symptoms
- Risk factors
Symptoms
- Loin to groin pain; colicky, can’t get still; not alleviated by analgesia
- Haematuria
- N&V
Risk factors:
- Personal or family history
- Dehydration
UTI
- Symptoms
- Risk factors
Symptoms
- Pain at the site (suprapubic, loin pain)
- Haematuria
- Irritative symptoms: dysuria, FUN
- Pyelo: N&V, fever/chills/rigors
- Prostatitis: obstructive symptoms
- Urethritis: smelly urine
Risk factors:
