Fundamental Rights

Question 1

FRs - Which part of the constitution?

Answer 1

Part III

Question 2

FRs - Article X to Article Y

Answer 2

Article - 12 to Article - 35

Question 3

Right to Equality - Belongs to which Articles?

Answer 3

Article - 14 to Article - 18

Question 4

Right to Freedom - Belongs to which articles?

Answer 4

Article - 19 to Article - 22

Question 5

Right against Exploitation - Belongs to which articles?

Answer 5

Article - 23 to Article - 24

Question 6

Right to Religion - Belongs to which articles?

Answer 6

Article - 25 to Article - 28

Question 7

Right to Culture and Education

Answer 7

Article - 29 to Article - 30

Question 8

Article - 31
(1) About
(2) Existing or Non - Existing
(3) Present Status

Answer 8

(1) Article - 31: Right to Property
(2) Non - Existing: Repealed in 1978 44th CAA
(3) Article - 300 A incorporates right to property at present

Question 9

Right to Constitutional Remedies - Belongs to which articles?

Answer 9

Article - 32

Question 10

Define Article - 12

Answer 10

Definition of State
- Govt and Parliament of India
- Govt and Legislature of states
- All local or other authorities within territory of India or under GOI

Question 11

Define Article - 13

Answer 11

Any law which is inconsistent or derogatory with the FRs shall be declared as unconstitutional and void till such extent of violation

Question 12

Define Article - 14

Answer 12

Equality Before Law
• State shall not deny to any person EBL (or) Equal Protection of Laws within the territory of India

Question 13

Define Article - 15

Answer 13

The state shall not discriminate any citizen on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them

Question 14

Define Article - 16

Answer 14

Equal opportunities in Public Employment

Question 15

Define Article - 17

Answer 15

Remember: RAUT
Right Against Untouchability

Question 16

Define Article - 18

Answer 16

Remember: RAT
Right to Abolition of Titles
• Titles such as King, Queen, etc.
• Education (Doctorate), Military (Commander) are exempted

Question 17

Define Article - 19

Answer 17

Remember: SAAMRP

Protection of Certain Rights such as
all citizens shall have the right to
(a) Freedom of Speech and Expression
(b) Freedom of Assembly
(c) Freedom of Association
(d) Freedom of Movement
(e) Freedom of Residence
(f) Freedom of Profession

Question 18

Define Article - 20

Answer 18

Protection in respect of conviction of offences
(1) No Ex-post-facto Law
No person shall be convicted except violated law applicable at the time of act and punishment should not be greater than the damage occurred under the law in force
(2) No double jeopardy
Shall not be punished more than once for the same offence
(3) No self incrimination
Cannot provide witness against himself/herself

Question 19

Define Article - 21

Answer 19

Protection of Life and Personal Liberty

Question 20

Define Article - 21(A)

Answer 20

Right to Education
State shall provide free and compulsory education for children of age 6 to 14

Added by 86^th CAA (2002)

Question 21

Define Article - 22

Answer 21

Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

Question 22

Define Article - 23

Answer 22

Right against human trafficking and forced labour

Question 23

Define Article - 24

Answer 23

Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
Children below age 14 shall not be employed in (To be completed)

Question 24

Define Article - 25

Answer 24

Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion

Question 25

Define Article - 26

Answer 25

Freedom to manage religious affairs

Question 26

Define Article - 27

Answer 26

Tax payers’s money is not used to support or endorse any particular religion

Question 27

Define Article - 28

Answer 27

Freedom to attend religious instruction/worship in certain educational institutions

Question 28

Define Article - 29

Answer 28

Right to preserve language and culture of minorities

Question 29

Define Article - 30

Answer 29

Right to minorities to establish and administer educational institutions

Question 30

Define Article - 31A

Answer 30

Protects agrarian reforms and estates acquisition laws

Question 31

Define Article - 31B

Answer 31

Limitation of JR of laws under schedule - IX

Question 32

Define Article - 31C

Answer 32

Prioritizes DPSPs over FRs

Question 33

Define Article - 32

Answer 33

Right to Constitutional Remedies (Heart and Soul of the Constitution) Habeas Corpus (Right to Arrested) Mandamus (To perform official duties) Prohibition (HC → LC Prevents future jurisdiction) Quo Warranto (Legality of occupying Public office) Certiorari (HC → LC to shift the case (or) quash the order)

Question 34

Define Article - 33

Answer 34

Parliament can restrict FRs of members of Armed Forces, Para Military Forces, Police Forces, Intelligence Forces, and Analogous Services

Question 35

Define Article - 34

Answer 35

Parliament can curtail FRs during Martial (Military Rule) Law

Question 36

Define Article - 35

Answer 36

Parliament has exclusive power to make certain laws rather the state legislatures

Question 37

Which articles are enforceable against the state and individual?

Answer 37

A17, A23, and A24

Question 38

Which FRs are restricted (or) available during National Emergency?

Answer 38

Only A20 and A21 are available during an emergency. However, A19 is available if emergency is based on armed rebellion (internal emergency) rather war/external aggression (external emergency)

Question 39

Exceptions of A14 Equality Before Law

Answer 39

1. A361: President/Governor (Not Answerable, No Criminal Proceedings, No process of Arrest, No Civil proceedings) 2. A361A: Person who published substantially true reports on proceedings of either houses of Parliament (or) Legislature of a state 3. A105: MP not subject to any proceedings in court with respect to anything said (or) any vote in the house 4. A194: MLA/MLC not subject to any proceedings with respect to anything said (or) any vote in the house 5. A31(C): Promotes DPSPs over FRs

Question 40

Parliament can amend FRs using?

Answer 40

Article 368

Question 41

Which of the articles are non - self enforceable in nature?

Answer 41

Remember: RAUT, RAT, RTEd, RAAE A17; A18; A21 - A, A23, A24 Note: These are also known as Incomplete FRs