Functions and Makeup

Question 1

As a cell increases in size, its ________

Answer 1

surface area to volume ratio decreases

Question 2

Unlike prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells have

Answer 2

1. ) membrane bound nucleus
2. ) membrane bound organelles
3. ) several, rod-shaped chromosomes

Question 3

eukaryotic cells have a

Answer 3

true nucleus because it is surrounded by a membrane

Question 4

structures found in plant cells but not animal cells

Answer 4

cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids and a central vacuole. plant cells do not have centrosomes or lysosomes

Question 5

plasma membrane

Answer 5

a phospholipid bilayer with with embedded proteins that separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment

Question 6

cells that aid absorption, folded into fingerlike projections

Answer 6

microvilli; in celiac, can be damaged by immune response to gluten

Question 7

microvilli lines the

Answer 7

small intestine

Question 8

the plasma membrane controls the

Answer 8

passage of organic molecules, ions, water and oxygen into and out of the cell; wastes excreted include carbon dioxide and ammonia

Question 9

The cytoplasm is the

Answer 9

entire region of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

Question 10

cytoplasm is made up of

Answer 10

organelles, suspended in a gel-like substance called cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals; has a semi solid consistency because of the proteins it contains

Question 11

Metabolic reactions, such as protein synthesis occur in the

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

Typically, the _____ is the most prominent organelle in the cell

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

The nucleus

Answer 13

houses the DNA of the cell, directs synthesis of proteins and ribosomes.

Question 14

The nucleus consists of the

Answer 14

endoplasmic reticulum; nucleolus; chromatin; nucleoplasm; nuclear pore; nuclear envelope

Question 15

chromatin

Answer 15

DNA plus proteins

Question 16

structures within the nucleus that are made up of DNA; normal number for humans

Answer 16

chromosomes; 46

Question 17

The endomembrane system is

Answer 17

(endo = “within”) is a group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that works together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins

Question 18

the endomembrane system includes

Answer 18

the nuclear envelope, lysosomes, and

vesicles, and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus; not the membranes of chloroplasts or mitochondria

Question 19

Animal cells “garbage disposal”

Answer 19

lysosomes

Question 20

Cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis

Answer 20

Ribosomes

Question 21

Responsible for making adenosine triphosphate

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

ATP

Answer 22

represents the short term energy of the cell

Question 23

these cells have a very high concentration of mitochondria that produce ATP

Answer 23

muscle cells

Question 24

oval-shaped, double-membrane organelles

Answer 24

mitochondria