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CPNRE > From Wall Cheat Sheets > Flashcards

From Wall Cheat Sheets Flashcards

1
Q

Sodium imbalance = ______ manifestations

Potassium imbalance = ______ manifestations

A

Sodium imbalance = CNS manifestations

Potassium imbalance = Cardiac manifestations

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2
Q

Shock is _____ circulating blood volume leading to

A

Shock is decreased circulating blood volume leading to decreased perfusion and tissue hypoxia

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3
Q

Cholelithiasis- gallstones form when?

A

bile contains high concentration of cholesterol OR there is a deficit of bile salts

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4
Q

With Cholelithiasis/gallstones, Larger stones obstruct flow of bile in cystic or common bile ducts, which causes severe pain, which is often referred to the ______ area

A

subscapular

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5
Q

2 Symptoms of Cholelithiasis/gallstones

A

1- sudden severe waves of pain in upper right quadrant of abdomen
2- N/V

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6
Q

what organ makes digestive enzymes that break down sugars, fats, and starches? also helps your digestive system by making hormones that help regulate your blood sugar levels and appetite, stimulate stomach acids, and tell your stomach when to empty.

A

Pancreas

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7
Q

Chronic inflammation occurs with hepatitis _, _, and __, and is defined as persistent inflammation and necrosis of the liver for more than 6 months

A

B, C, D

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8
Q

most effective prevention for cervical cancer?

A

HPV vaccine

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9
Q

what is the class of Beclomethasone? usually used to treat?

A

corticosteroid; reduces swelling in lungs

-prevent/control symptoms of asthma

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10
Q

Ventolin action

A

relaxes airway smooth muscle

short acting beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist

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11
Q

where is the most common area where pain is present in diverticulitis?

A

lower left quadrant

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12
Q

Average VS for newborns

A

T-36.5-37.5
HR- 120-160bpm
RR- 30-60 (<80 if crying)
Systolic BP- 50-70

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13
Q

Anterior fontanelles close by

Posterior closed by

A 
anterior = 18 mths
posterior = 2 months
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14
Q

best place for IM injections for infants?

A

vastus lateralis

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15
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot (known as cyanotic heart defect) has 4 structural defects which are? Mnemonic

A 
RAPS
R-right ventricular hypertrophy
A-aorta displacement
P-pulmonary stenosis
S-septal defect (ventricle)
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16
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot (known as cyanotic heart defect) -how you can manage child’s tet spells

A

Bring the child’s knees up tight against his or her chest (this is called the knee-chest position) or have your child squat down. This will increase blood flow to the lungs.

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17
Q

Kawasaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)- Signs and symptoms

A
  • strawberry tongue
  • Red eyes (conjunctivitis
  • rash
  • peeling of palms and soles
  • enlarged tender lymph nodes
  • inflamed mouth, fissured lips
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18
Q

If a child under 5 years old has redness and rash with fever over 5 days, what disease could this be a sign of?

A

Kawasaki disease

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19
Q

What organ removes waste products and fluids - primary filtering system

A

kidneys

20
Q

what organ is controls maintenance of calcium and phosphorus balance and activation of vitamin D?

A

Kidneys

21
Q

Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen and to balance and make glucose as needed, occurs in what organ?

A

Liver
(Besides the liver, the kidney is the only organ capable of generating sufficient glucose (gluconeogenesis) to release into the circulation, and it is also responsible for filtration and subsequent reabsorption or excretion of glucose

22
Q

Casts in urine may indicate

A

Kidney disorder

23
Q

crystals in urine may indicate

A

kidney stones

24
Q

Urinalysis: increased pH may indicate pt at risk for..

A

kidney stones, UTI, kidney problem or disorder

25
Q

where is iron stored?

A

Liver

26
Q

what organ regulates? blood clotting

A

Liver

27
Q

what 3 drugs increase effects of Diuretics?

A

1- Aminoglycoside antibiotics
2-antihypertensives
3-corticosteroids

28
Q

what 3 drugs Decrease effects of Diuretics?

A

1-NSAID’s (ibuprofen, aspirin)
2- oral contraceptives
3-vasopressors (epinephrine, norepinephrine)

29
Q 
Teachings for Diuretics
1- \_\_\_\_\_\_ sodium intake
2- 
3-take diuretic when in the day?
4- take with or without food?
A

1- Reduce sodium intake
2-protection from sunlight
3-take diuretic early in the day
4- take with food?

30
Q

what lab tests would be ordered to confirm MI?

A

troponin, ck-MB, LDH

31
Q

Action of ACE inhibitors and suffix?

A

-PRIL

vasodilation

32
Q

Action of Beta blockers and suffix?

A

-OLOL

block epinephrine = heart beat slower and with less force

33
Q

Action of calcium channel blockers and suffix?

A

-IPINE

decrease BP by preventing calcium from entering cells of heart and arteries; allow blood vessels to relax and open

34
Q

uses for beta blockers include (7)

A 
1-HTN 
2- MI
3- HF
4- Angina pectoris
5- migraine
6- Glaucoma
7- hyperthyroidism
35
Q

Should OTC cough and cold remedies be used in pregnancy?

A

NO- cause vasoconstriction = increase in BP

36
Q

What is active immunity?
active natural?
active artificial?

A

Develops when persons own body develops antibodies or T-cells in response to a specific antigen

  • Active Natural: direct exposure to antigen (ex. eating dirt)
  • Active Artificial: specific antigen purposely introduced into body, stimulates production of antibodies (ex. immunizations)
37
Q

What is Passive immunity?
Passive natural?
Passive artificial?

A

Occurs when antibodies are transferred from one person to another; effective immediately but only temporary (no memory)

  • Passive natural: IgG transferred from mom to fetus across placenta and breastmilk
  • Passive artificial: injection of antibodies from a person/animal into 2nd person
38
Q

Beta blockers: the following acts on..
1-Alpha=
2-Beta1=
3-Beta2=

A 
1-Alpha= Vessels
2-Beta1= Heart
3-Beta2= Lungs
39
Q

Main complications of persistent High BP effects 5 main parts of body, which are?

A 
1- Brain
2- retina of eye (hypertensive retinopathy)
3- blood (elevated sugar levels)
4-heart
5-kidneys
40
Q

therapeutic management for High BP (6)

A 
1-record I/O
2-Assess CV changes
3-assess renal and neuro status
4- SOdium restriction
5- Weight reduction
6- smoking cessation
41
Q

Right sided HF - ____ congestion

Left sided HF - _____ congestion

A

Right sided HF - Systemic congestion

Left sided HF - Pulmonary congestion

42
Q

Nursing priorities for HF

A
  • optimize activity tolerance
  • manage fluid volume
  • promote optimal gas exchange
43
Q

Therapeutic management of HF (7)

A

1- monitor labs closely
2- Assess fluid volume status
3- administer diuretics appropriately
4-monitor for hypotension after beginning diuretic or new antihypertensive therapy
5- assess and correct electrolyte imbalance
6- Conserve energy
7- Sodium and fluid restriction

44
Q

Medication therapy for HF (6)

A 
1- Diuretics
2- Electrolyte replacement
3- Anticoagulants (increased risk for AFib and clot formation)
4- Inotropic agents
5- ACE inhibitors
6- Vasodilators
45
Q

what are inotropic agents?

A

medicines that change the force of your heart’s contractions.
There are 2 kinds of inotropes: positive inotropes and negative inotropes. Positive inotropes strengthen the force of the heartbeat. Negative inotropes weaken the force of the heartbeat

CPNRE (9 decks)

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