Foundation Of Nutrition Flashcards
Steatorrhea
Presence of excess fat in stool.
Occurs due to malabsorption or maldigestion of fat.
Due to decreased lipase activity by diminished pancreatic function (possibly in cancer)
Crown Disease
Autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation and damage of bowel mucosa.
The damaged bowel causes malabsorption of nutrition.
Surgical resection of diseased area.
Thiamine
Vitamin B1
Coenzyme for PDH AKDH Branched chain Keto Acid dehydrogenase (MSUD)
PPP shunt
Deficiency from alcoholism
Clinical Manifestations:
-Beriberi
Dry: Muscle wasting
Wet: Cardiac
Riboflavin
Vitamin B2
Coenzyme for FAD/FMN
Oxidation Reduction RXN
Deficiency from poor dietary intake or malabsorption
magenta colored tongue
Niacin
Vitamin B3
Coenzyme for NAd(H)
Synthesized from tryptophan
Deficiency from Hartnup disease
-defective transporter responsible for absorbing non-polar amino acids.
Leads to tryptophan deficiency then to niacin deficiency
DDDD ( diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death)
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B5
Role in synthesis of CoA.
Responsible for acylation and acetylation (enzyme activation and deactivation)
From extreme starvation
Dermatitis numbness muscle cramps
Pyridoxine
Vitamin B6
Converted to pyridoxal phosphate in the body
Aminotransferase rxns (ALT AST) -protein synthesis
Deficiency from isoniazid therapy
sideroblastic anemia - iron cant get to heme
Convulsions
Biotin
B7
Cofactors for carboxylation enzymes
- Gluconeo
- FA synth
- Odd Carbon FA synth
Excessive consumption of raw eggs causes deficiency. (Avidin-biotin binding protein)
Rashes
Bowel inflammation
Muscle pain
Folic acid
B9
Coenzyme in de novo pyrimidine synthesis
Deficiency from folate pool depleted in alcoholics and pregnancy.
Macrocyclic megaloblastic anemia
Cobalamin
B12
Converted to assist in homocysteine methyltransferase
Deficiency from pernicious anemia
Chronic pancreatitis
Neuropathic
Megaloblastic anemia
