Fortified Wines Flashcards
Where is Port produced?
Portugal’s Douro Valley
What are the preferred red grapes of Port?
Touriga Nacional Touriga Francesa Tinta Roriz Tinta Cao Tinta Barroca Tinta Amarela Tinta Francisca Bastardo Mourisco Tinto
What are the preferred white grapes of Port?
Gouveio (Verdelho) Malvasia Fina Viosinho Rabigato Esgana Cao (Sercial) Folgasao
In Port, red grapes must account for what percent of the blend?
A minimum of 60%
What are the two styles of Port?
Ruby and Tawny
Vintage ports are included within which style of Port?
Ruby
_______ ports are aged in bottle whereas ______ ports are aged in cask.
Ruby and Vintage are aged in bottle and Tawny is aged in cask.
Styles of Ruby Port
- Ruby Port
- Ruby Reserve Port
- Vintage Port
- Single Quinta Vintage Port
- Late-Bottled Vintage Port
Styles of Tawny Port
- Tawny Port
- Reserve Tawny
- Tawny with Indication of Age
- Colheita Tawny
How long does a Late-Bottle Vintage Port age in cask prior to bottling?
4-6 years
What is the minimum aging requirements for a reserve tawny port? Is it a single vintage port?
7 years–but it’s a blend of several vintages
What ages can be applied to Tawny Ports? What does the age indicate?
10, 20, 30, or 40 years old
The indicated age isn’t an average or anything, but rather an approximation of what the IVDP deems a port of that age to taste like.
What is a Colheita Tawny?
It’s a vintage-dated Port, spending a minimum of 7 years in cask.
What is torna viagem?
Translates to “round trip,” the original ocean voyages useful in producing Madeira.
Where can Madeira be produced?
Madeira DOP includes the island of Madeira as well as the neighboring island of Porto Santo.
What are the noble white grapes of Madeira?
Sercial (Esgana Cao)
Verdelho (Gouveio)
Boal (Bual, Malvasia Fina)
Malmsey
What grape is the workhorse of Madeira, accounting for nearly 85% of total production?
Tinta Negra
What Madeira grape varietal has a poor reputation and is prohibited from appearing on the label?
Tinta Negra
What are the main varietal styles of Madeira in order of driest to sweetest?
- Sercial
- Verdelho
- Boal
- Malvasia/Malmsey
What are the Multi-Vintage Blend Madeiras?
- Rainwater: usually 100% Tinta Negra, youngest wine is a min 3 years old
- Seleccionado: dominated by Tinta Negra, heated in Estufagem, blended wine that is at least 3 years old. Labeled “Finest,” “Choice,” or “Select”
- Reserve/Reserva: >=5 and =10 and =15 and
What is Estufagem?
A type of heating method used to create madeira. Fortified wines are transferred to an estufa, a stainless steel tank that heats the wine by circulating hot water through coils inside the vat.
Wines is heated to 45-50 degrees C over 3 months.
It then rests for 90 days before being transferred to a cask for aging.
What is Canteiro?
A type of heating method for madeira where the wines are cask aged for at least two years in lodge attics.
These madeiras may be bottled at a minimum of 3 years.
What are the types of Madeira with a vintage date?
- Colheita (harvest): produced from a single vintage (min 85%) and aged for min 5 years. May be a blend or single variety.
- Frasqueira: vintage madeira aged for min 20 years in cask.
- Vinho da Roda/Torno/Volta: exceptional rarity–refers to madeira that underwent an ocean journey across the equator.
What 3 towns are at the center of sherry production?
- Jerez de la Frontera
- El Puerto de Santa Maria
- Sanlucar de Barrameda
What are the 2 DO zones for sherry?
- Jerez-Xeres-Sherry
2. Manzanilla-Sanlucar de Berrameda
What 3 grapes are permitted in Sherry?
Palomino (listan)
Pedro Ximenez
Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria)
What grape accounts for 95% of vineyard acreage in Jerez?
Palomino
Moscatel and PX are predominately used for doing what to sherry?
Sweetening it
PX is permitted to be imported from what neighboring DO?
Montilla-Moriles
What styles of sherry undergo biological aging?
Fino and manzanilla
What styles of sherry undergo oxidative aging?
Oloroso
How many years must a sherry age in solera prior to bottling?
2 years (decreased from 3 in 2010)
