Foreign Policy Flashcards
how did Charles preserve security with France?
preserved northern frontier w/ France
what did Francis I of France do in 1521?
- launched attack on Navarre and captured Pamplona
- soon driven out by Spanish nobles
when did Spanish secure Naples?
1525 won battle of Pavia and secured Naples
when did Spanish secure Milan?
1529 peace of Cambrai
when did French launch their final expedition?
- 1528-29
- Charles defeated them at Battle of Landriano in 1529
how did Italy benefit Spain?
- helped control Turkish threat and protect spain
- trade benefits
were French wars to do w/ Spain?
no. had little to do directly with Spanish interests
how did FP w/ France damage spain?
created tension and led to French feeling they were surrounded by Hapsburg empire
what countries did Charles control?
spain, naples, HRE and LC
what did French do in 1540?
allowed turks to use toulon as a winter base
how did Charles attempt to recover his overlordships of Metz?
- 1550-52
- costly siege and a failure
- spent 2.5m ducats on siege
- at time interest rates charged by foreign bankers were over 50%
how did Charles act towards Portugal?
maintained alliance created by F+I
when did Charles marry Isabella of Portugal?
1526
when did prince Philip marry Mary of Portugal?
1543
when did Joanna marry heir to Portuguese throne?
1542
how did marriages benefit spain?
created close relationship between crowns of Portugal and Spain, ensuring no conflict
how did spain benefit Charles reputation?
as a great emperor as it increased reputation of spain
what did the campaigns in Germany and LC do?
confirmed Spain’s great power status and gave prestige throughout Europe
how did wars help to control nobles?
- provided opportunities for grandees and hidalgos to be in Charles’ many armies
- opportunity for honour and prestige, which would then reward them with advancement and financial rewards
what was the Spanish army like?
grew to be best army in Europe
how did Charles’s FP affect govt?
caused Charles to be absent from Spain for long periods of time
why was there absentee govt 1520-22?
Charles left Spain to be elected emperor of HRE
what did absentee govt in 1520-22 lead to?
- political turmoil and two revolts
- comuneros and germania
- played a part in French attack of Navarre in 1521 as Francis, looked to take advantage of unrest in Spain
how did the affect of abseentism change over time?
1529-56, Charles only spent 6yrs in Spain, but no political turmoil as he had established strong govt
how did policy against Turks affect spain?
weakened spain in med as he lost territory F+I had won
what did Charles lose in N. Africa in 1529?
Penn of Algiers
what did Charles capture in N. Africa in 1535?
Tunis
which areas of N. Africa did he lose in 1550s?
- Tripoli lost 1551
- penon de velez 1554
- bougie 1555
how did loss of N. Africa towns weaken Spain?
- increased piracy in Valencia
- disrupted med trade
when did Charles fight turks in central Europe?
1520s and 1530s
when did turks lay siege to Vienna?
- 1529 lay siege to Vienna with 100,000 men
- returned in 1532
- Charles took his armies to defend the city and catholicism
what did the 1527 cortes of Valladolid say about the war?
refused to pay for war as it was in the Spanish sphere of interest
did policies in HRE benefit spain?
no - left spain, in particular Castile, in huge financial debt
what did Charles do with HRE in 1531?
- Charles successfully ensured that his brother Ferdinand was elected as his heir to HRE
- cost him further debts to foreign bankers to pay for bribes
- caused further political tensions in HRE as opponents resented Charles’s actions
at what battle was Charles victorious against protestants?
battle of Muhlberg in 1547 over German Protestant Schmalkaldic league
did victory at Muhlberg defat protestants?
-did not bring him closer to victory as it inspired another alliance of enemies against him and another expensive war to fund
what alliance was formed in 1552?
alliance of Maurice of Saxony
who was Maurice of Saxon?
- fought for Charles against Turks in 1542, the French in 1544, and at Muhlberg in 1547
- felt Charles was too powerful and turned against him
how did HRE affect spain?
consuming and expensive
who paid for most of HRE?
castle - led to Charles taking high interest loans from bankers in order to fund it all
how much debt was spain in by 1556?
36m ducats debt
what decade was a key turning point in Charles FP?
1550s
how was Charles successful in 1520s?
- secured Naples and captured Milan
- had lost Penon de Algiers in 1529, but won Tunis in 1535
- not much threat to spain in 1520s
how was Charles unsuccessful in 1550s?
- lost towns in N. Africa
- failed to recapture Metz in 1552-53
by 1556, how many towns did Spain have left in N. Africa?
only 4
what were the Spanish expecting from the Ottomans by 1550s?
expecting a full Ottoman invasion
