Foot And Ankle

Question 1

Shin splints

Answer 1

posterior and anterior tibial syndrome, caused by bio mechanical dysfunction
Presentation :
Pain when running in the anterior lateral portion of the leg
Palpable tenderness
Pain presents at the start of a work out and then disappears
Resisting plantar flexion and inversion of the foot aggravates

Question 2

Achilles tendonopathy

Answer 2

Acute Achilles tendinitis is a painful inflammation of the tendon
Younger individuals have a high incidence.
Although more common in nonathletes an older individuals
Cause: overuse
presentation :
Pain in getting out of bed in the morning
Burning sensation over the tendon when starting activity
Tenderness over the posterior insertion of the calcaneus
Chronic: Pain after exercise may become constant, may develop crepitus, swelling, and tendon thickening, more degenerative than inflammatory

Question 3

Severs disease

Answer 3

MC in athletic children between 9 and 12 years old
The pain is due to calcaneal apophysitis due to repetitive traction on the calcaneus from the Achilles tendon
Similar to Oshood
May lead to stress fracture
Presentation :
Swelling tenderness, warmth, and redness on the back of the hill where the Achilles tendon inserts

Question 4

Plantar fasciitis

Answer 4

Common cause of inferior heel pain
Associated with prolong, standing, and obesity
Due to acute chronic overload stress on the plantar fascia and weekend, intrinsic muscles and ligaments
Presentation:
Pain is throbbing, searing and piercing specially on weight, bearing in the morning or After activity
Limits daily activity

Question 5

Gout

Answer 5

Mc in the base of the 1st digit
Presentation:
Acute red swollen and glossy
Chronic stages have gouty tophi that are visible and palpable

Question 6

Hallux rigitus

Answer 6

DJD of the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint
With stiffness
2x more common in females
40-90yo
80% unilateral
Associated with trauma
Reduced extension of big toe

Question 7

Morton’s neuroma

Answer 7

Sometimes bilateral
Feels like stone in shoe
MC in 2/3 rd intermetatarsal space
Causes: tight shoes or trauma
Putting abnormal pressure on plantar nerves, causing them to swell
Presentations :
Burning and tingling in the toes with pain or painful mass between the metatarsal heads

Question 8

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Answer 8

Compression of the posterior tibial nerve, veins and arteries
Mc in flatfoot and hypermobile foot
Easily confused with plantar fasciitis
Presentation:
Burning
Tingling
+be tinnels

Question 9

Hallux valgus

Answer 9

Bunion
Seen in 1st metatarsal and metatarsal phalangeal joint.
Causing angulation and inflammation. May lead to OA
Cause: not clear
Tight shoes?