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Gross Anatomy Block 3 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Which tarsal bone provides the only articulation with tibia and fibula

A

Talus

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2
Q

Name the 7 tarsal bones

A

Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, lateral, middle, and medial cuneiforms

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3
Q

Which bone articulates with calcaneus?

Talus?

A

Cuboid to calcaneus

Navicular to talus

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4
Q

Talocrural joint

  1. Location
  2. Action
A
  1. Between tibia, fibula and talus

2. Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

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5
Q

Subtalar joint

  1. Location
  2. Actions
A
  1. Between talus and distal tarsals (calcaneus, cuboid, and navicular)
  2. Inversion and eversion
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6
Q
  1. How does the calcaneus move during eversion?

2. Inversion?

A
  1. Up and lateral

2. Up and medial

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7
Q

What are the two midfoot joints?

Motion at these two joints is limited due to ?

A

Midtarsal (chopart) joint and tarsometatarsal (lisfranc) joint

Ligaments

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8
Q
  1. Midtarsal joint actions

2. Tarsometatarsal joint actions

A
  1. Midfoot can rotate medially (inversion) or laterally (eversion)
  2. Midfoot can bend at this joint, bringing the cuboid in contact with the ground
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9
Q

Function of the talofibular (anterior and posterior), calcaneofibular, and deltoid ligaments

A

Restrict abduction and fore and aft displacement at the ankle

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10
Q

4 parts of the deltoid ligament

A
  1. Tibionavicular
  2. Tibiotalar
  3. Tibiocalcanear (anterior and posterior)
  4. Attachment to spring ligament
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11
Q

Function of the plantar ligaments and spring ligament?

A

Support arches of the foot

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12
Q

Spring ligament location

How does it prevent arch from collapsing?

A

On medial side of foot (between calcaneus and navicular

By pulling navicular away from calcaneus

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13
Q

Location of long plantar ligament

A

On bottom of the foot; from calcaneus to cuboid

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14
Q

What does the plantar aponeurosis connect?

A

Connects calcaneal tuberosity to metatarsal heads and proximal phalanges

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15
Q

Besides ligaments, what else supports arches of the foot?

A

Abductor muscles

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16
Q
  1. What are the two arches of the foot
  2. Where is the arch highest?
  3. Where is the greatest force applied
  4. When is the arch at its strongest?
A
  1. Longitudinal and transverse
  2. Medial side of foot
  3. At great toe
  4. When you are on tip-toe
17
Q

Why does having flat feet affect running but not walking?

A

When you have flat feet, the arch is unable to store energy

18
Q

What is a midtarsal break?

What is this associated with?

A

When foot bends at the tarsometatarsal joint during toe off; this is a break in the arch, not break in the bone

Associated with rounded tarsometatarsal joint (ape-like)

19
Q

Two main arteries/nerves of the plantar surface of foot

A

Medial plantar artery/nerve and lateral plantar artery/nerve

20
Q

Which artery gives rise to deep plantar arch

A

Lateral plantar artery

21
Q
  1. What does medial plantar nerve mostly innervate

2. What does lateral plantar nerve mostly innervate

A
  1. Muscles moving the great toe

2. Most intrinsic foot muscles

22
Q

Dorsal arteries of foot

  1. Anterior tibial artery changes name to?
  2. Branches of this artery?
  3. Other artery for dorsal foot?
A
  1. Dorsalis pedis artery
  2. Arcuate artery and deep plantar artery
  3. Lateral tarsal artery
23
Q

Main nerve of the dorsal foot

A

Deep fibular nerve

24
Q

Two dorsal muscles of the foot

A

Extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis

25
Q

2 superficial muscles of the plantar foot

A

Flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae

26
Q
  1. Main actions of the plantar foot muscles

2. Main innervation (2)

A
  1. Flexion of digits, maintenance of arch, adduction/abduction of digits
  2. Medial plantar nerve and lateral plantar nerve
27
Q

What 4 muscles does the medial plantar nerve innervate?

~lateral plantar supplies all other plantar foot muscles

A

1st lumbrical, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis brevis, and abductor hallucis

28
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Distal calcaneus
Base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Extends great toe

29
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Distal calcaneus
Base of middle phalanges of toes 2-4
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Extends toes 2-4

30
Q

Quadratus plantae

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Calcaneal tuberosity
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Lateral plantar nerve
Helps flex lateral toes by tugging on FDL tendon

31
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Calcaneal tuberosity
Middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes
Medial plantar nerve
Flex toes

32
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Cuboid and medial cuneiform
Proximal phalanx of great toe
Medial plantar nerve
Flexes great toe

33
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Cuboid and base of 5th metatarsal
Proximal phalanx of 5th toe
Lateral plantar nerve
Flexes 5th toe

34
Q

Abductor hallucis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Medial process of calcaneus
Proximal phalanx of great toe
Medial plantar nerve
Abducts great toe

35
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Calcaneal tuberosity
Proximal phalanx of 5th toe
Lateral plantar nerve
Abducts 5th toe

36
Q

Dorsal interossei (4)

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Proximal surfaces of metatarsals
Medial base of proximal phalanx 2; lateral bases of proximal phalanges 2-4
Lateral plantar nerve
Abducts toes

37
Q

Adductor hallucis

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Base of 2-4 metatarsals (oblique head); heads of 2-5 metatarsals (transverse head)
Base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Lateral plantar nerve
Adducts great toe

38
Q

Plantar interossei

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

Medial proximal surfaces of metatarsals
Medial base of proximal phalanges 3-5
Lateral plantar nerve
Adducts toes toward 2nd toe

39
Q

Lumbricals (4)

Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Action

A

FDL tendon
Extensor ligaments of the lateral 4 toes
Lateral plantar nerve (lumbricals 2-4); medial plantar nerve (1st lumbrical)
Flexes toes at MTP; extends toes at IP joints

Gross Anatomy Block 3 (8 decks)

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