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food Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

give two reasons why food in necessary

A
  1. cellular respiration

2. energy store

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2
Q

what are five elements as dissolved salts?

A
  • sodium
  • magnesium
  • chlorine
  • potassium
  • calcium
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3
Q

give three trace elements

A
  • iron
  • copper
  • zinc
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4
Q

what is the importance of water for organisms?

A
  • good solvent
  • essential for life- 70-95% makes up cell mass
  • good heat absorber
  • participates in some chemical reactions
  • source of minerals
  • control of cell shape
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5
Q

give two animal minerals

A
  1. calcium

2. iron

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6
Q

state a role of calcium in animals

A

forms strong bones and teeth

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7
Q

give a deficiency of calcium in animals

A

osteoporosis

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8
Q

sources of calcium in animals are:

A
  • milk

- cheese

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9
Q

give a role of iron

A

forms haemoglobin to transport o2

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10
Q

name a deficiency of iron

A

anaemia

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11
Q

give two sources of iron

A
  • spinach

- red meat

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12
Q

name two plant minerals

A
  • calcium

- magnesium

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13
Q

give a role of calcium in plants

A

forms the middle lamella

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14
Q

state two calcium deficiency in plants

A
  • stunted plant growth

- leaves turn brown

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15
Q

what is the role of magnesium in plants

A

forms the chlorophyll

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16
Q

deficiency of magnesium in plants:

A

chlorosis or the leaves turn yellow

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17
Q

name a water soluble vitamin

A

vitamin c

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18
Q

sources of vitamin c:

A

citrus fruit

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19
Q

name a functions of vitamin c

A
  • needed to absorb iron

- form and maintain connective tissue

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20
Q

name a deficiency of vitamin c

A

scurvy

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21
Q

name a fat soluble vitamin

A

vitamin d

22
Q

give two sources of vitamin d

A

milk , liver

23
Q

what is the function of vitamin d

A

absorb calcium

24
Q

name a deficiency of vitamin d

A

rickets in children

25
Q

name the protein elements

A
  • carbon
  • hydrogen
  • oxygen
  • nitrogen
26
Q

how many common amino acids are there?

A

20

27
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

in the ribosome

28
Q

what are prions

A

proteins that do not fold correctly and cam cause disease like bse

29
Q

give two classification of protein

A

fibrous

globular

30
Q

give an example of a fibrous protein

A

keratin

31
Q

give an example of a globular protein

A

enzyme

32
Q

sources of protein are found:

A

red meat, fish, eggs, milk

33
Q

what is a monosaccharide?

A

carbohydrates made of single sugar units

34
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

carbohydrates made of two sugar units joined together

35
Q

what is a polysaccharide

A

carbohydrates made of many sugar units joined together

36
Q

name sources of carbohydrates

A

potato, bread , rice , pasta

37
Q

what is fibre

A

indigestible cellulose

38
Q

what is a phospholipid

A

a fat-like substance where one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group

39
Q

what is the difference between fats and oil?

A

fats are solid at room temp

oil is liquid at room temp

40
Q

name a metabolic role for lipids in cells

A

energy store

41
Q

name the basic unit that makes up lipids

A

triglyceride

42
Q

name a polysaccharide in animals

A

glycogen

43
Q

name a structural role in lipids

A

membranes

44
Q

name a non-metallic element found in food that is not C, H , O, N

A

sulphur

45
Q

name a metabolic role of protein

A

enzymes

46
Q

name a structural role of protein

A

keratin

47
Q

what is the simplest unit of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharide

48
Q

name 2 polysaccharide found in plants

A
  • cellulose

- starch

49
Q

name a carbohydrate always found in dna

A

deoxyribose

50
Q

state two functions of minerals in organisms

A
  • formation of soft tissue

- formation of fluid

biology (2 decks)

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