Focused PAD and PVD Flashcards
what are some ss of PAD
intermittent claudication, paresthesia, thin/shiny/taunt skin, loss of hair on lower extremities, diminished/absent pedal/popliteal/femoral pulses, pallor of foot with dependent positions
what are some things the patient can do to help with PAD
low impact exercise (walking), weight loss (BMI less the 25 with DASH diet), A1c less then 7 (DM), decrease hyperlipidemia
what are some causes of PAD
athersclerosis, smoking, chronic kidney diease, DM, hypercholesterolemia
what should you not take with plavix/asprin
omeprazole or grape juice
what are some complications that can occur with PAD
atrophy of skin and underlying muscles, delayed healing, wound infection, tissue necrosis, arterial ulcers, gangrene
what are some ss of abdominal aortic aneurysm
often asymptomatic, may have back pain, epigastric discomfort, altered bowel elimination, intermitten claudication, pulsating abdomen
what are some ss of ascending aorta/aortic arch/thoracic aneurysm
angina, shoulder pain, ischemic attacks, coughing, SOB, hoarsness, dyspnea
what are some complications that can occur bc of aneurysm
cardiac tamponade, occlusion of supply, renal ischemia, abdominal ischemia, rupture
what is the most accurate test for aneuysm
CT with contrast
what is used for monitoring or screening for anurysms
Ultrasonography
what is the HR and BP goal for aneurysm
HR 60 or less, Systolic BP 100-110
what are some complications of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repai
endoleak, graft migration (bc sutureless), aneurysm growth/rupture, graft thrombosis
what are some conservative thearpy meds used for aneurysms
morphine, beta blockers, ACE, ARBs, Satins,
what is buerger disease caused by and what happens
smoking, claudication in feet, and lower extremites (worse at night) - sensitivity to cold, gangrene ulcers
what is raynaud syndrome caused by
autoimmune trigger causes painful vasospasms, red and white skin color, sensitivity to cold
what are the 3 risk factors for venous thrombosis
venous stasis, damage of epithelium, hypercoagulability
what kind of conditions cause venous stasis
obese, pregnant, long trips, spinal cord injury, fractured hip
what are some ss of venous insufficency
brownish thick skin, itching, eczema, painful leg edema, dermatitis
what is the treatment used for venous insufficency
compression and elevation first then can do moist dressings, diet high in protein and calories
what are some ss of venous thrombosis
unilateral edmea, pain, erythema
what are some meds used for venous thrombosis
lovenox, heparin, warfarin
what lab levels monitor heparin
aPTT, aXa
what is venous insufficency
prolonged venous hypertension that stretches and damages vein and valves
what are the 3 Es of treatment for varicose veins
elastic compression stockings, exercise, elevation
