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OP 5 > Final sweep 2 > Flashcards

Final sweep 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of pins

A

cemented, friction locked, threaded

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2
Q

Adhere directly to tooth

A

RMGI

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3
Q

Require adhesives

A

composites

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4
Q

Ionomers need a clean intact ———• Ionomers attach by chelating with —— (metal ions)

A

dentine surface with exposed mineral

HA surfaces

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5
Q

Adhesives need a ——–• Hybrid layer

A

demineralized dentin surface with exposed collagen

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6
Q

Conditioners

A 
(used with Glass ionomers)
Mild organic acids
• Solublizes smear layer
• Remove smear layer
• Leave smear plugs intact
• Does not demineralize dentin or enamel
• Cleans surface
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7
Q

with RMGI - Polymerization
shrinkage
• swelling from water sorption –

A

zero net dimensional change

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8
Q

• RMGIs have improved strength but less —- (vs GI)

A

stiffness

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9
Q

pulp pain is usually

A

sharp

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10
Q

• IfRDTis>2.0mm use a

A

liner

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11
Q

Copal varnish

• 2 layers

A

85% sealed

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12
Q

Copal varnish for

A

amalgam only

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13
Q

—– are the most commonly used bases now.

A

GI and RMGI

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14
Q

• If RDT is 0.5-2.0 mm

A

• Base(replacesmissing Dentin)

Then go with liner overtop

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15
Q

Apply Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH2) liner for

A

near pulp/pulp cap

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16
Q

 Coherent beams of light –

A

All the photons that make up laser light are said to be ‘in phase’ because the photons are all generated by the same material and therefore, are synchronized in motion.

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17
Q

 Monochromatic –

A

Laser energy is composed of a single wavelength, creating a single color beam.

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18
Q

 Collimated –

A

Laser energy travels in a straight line because all the photons are moving in the same direction.

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19
Q

Active medium confers the

A

name and wavelength

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20
Q

As laser energy exits a fiber or waveguide it is no longer ———

A

collimated.

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21
Q

• —– is that property where the beam diameter of the laser light increases with the distance from the laser.

A

Divergence

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22
Q

Power density

A

watts/cm2

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23
Q

Often, ——— lasers use a mixture of air and water to assist in cooling of tissues.

A

Free-Running Pulsed

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24
Q

Transmission

A

light transmitted through the tissue unchanged

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25
Q

Class I lasers

A

disc laser - safe for use

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26
Q

Class II lasers

A

laser pointers - safe briefly, don’t stare into it for long.

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27
Q

Class IIIa lasers

A

intermediate, continuous lasers - stronger pointers, damage can occur.

28
Q

Class IIIb lasers

A

laser light shows - can cause some serious damage

29
Q

Class IV lasers

A

surgery

30
Q

Diode Lasers

A

• SemiconductorLaser

31
Q

Nd:YAG Lasers

A

• Solid State Laser – Crystal

32
Q

Erbium Lasers

A

• Solid State Laser – Crystal

33
Q

Erbium Lasers

• Absorbed by

A

Water and Hydroxyapatite

34
Q

CO2 Lasers

A

Gas Laser – CO2 Gas

35
Q

CO2 lasers - Absorbed by

A

Pigment, Water and Hydroxyapatite

36
Q

The Er,Cr:YSGG laser has a good cutting effect on

A

root surface and causes no burning or melting after laser irradiation

37
Q

Gutta percha used to

A

trace tract - find source of abscess w/radiograph

38
Q

Epithelium and pigmentation removed using an

A

erbium laser and topical anesthetic

39
Q

Lanap protocol

A

First pass in perio pockets (remove bacteria, infection, inflammation)

Ultrasonic cleaning

Second pass laser - hemostasis and coagulation

Occlusal adjustment/splinting

Postop healing and maintenance

40
Q

Nd:YAG Laser

A

1064 nm

41
Q

Nd:YAG Laser is a

A

soft tissue only laser

42
Q

Lanap contraindications

A

root fracture suspected, endo-perio lesion, class III furcation, thick hyperplastic tissue, concavity or grooves in root (mesial of upper bicuspids), crown lengthening

43
Q

Laser frenectomy with

A

erbium laser

44
Q

2780 nm –

A

Er,Cr:YSGG

45
Q

 2940 nm –

A

Er:YAG

46
Q

Erbium lasers  Absorbed by

A

Water and Hydroxyapatite

47
Q

Erbium laser pulse

A

 Extremely short pulse (millionths of a second!)

48
Q

Gas Laser – CO2 Gas

A

 10,600 nm (10.6 μm)

49
Q

CO2 lasers - a Absorbed by

A

Pigment, Water and Hydroxyapatit

50
Q

CO2 lasers - Extremely

A

short pulse

51
Q

• Pedo patients tend to experience less sensitivity because

A

deciduous teeth require less power to cut

52
Q

Junction of Ionizing and Non-Ionizing is

A

Ultraviolet and Visible Violet

53
Q

Ionizing radiation

A
  • short wavelength, very high energy
  • absorption can cause damage to cells and side effects such as radiation burns, cataracts and cancer
  • UV light, X Rays and Gamma Rays
  • Ionizing radiation is used to heal with X-rays, CT scans and Nuclear Medicine
54
Q

Non- ionizing radiation

A
  • longer wavelength, lower energy
  • MRI uses radio waves
  • Safe for living tissue
  • No side effects
55
Q

Peak Power –

A

Gated and Free running pulsed modes This is a very important concept:
• Each pulse has a set amount of energy
• As shorter pulses are used, this same energy is squeezed into a smaller space, which increases the Peak Power in each pulse

56
Q

Peak Power is important because of the

concept of

A

Thermal Relaxation:
• Allows the tissue to dissipate heat and absorb energy
• Minimize tissue damage
• Less post-op discomfort, more predicable healing
• Thermal relaxation may allow procedures without anesthesia

57
Q

—– is the desired effect

A

Absorption

58
Q

Absorption –

A

varies with the type of tissue and wavelength

59
Q

• Chromophore –

A

a molecule that absorbs light energy at a specific wavelength

60
Q

• Diode and Nd:YAG (808nm-1064nm)

A

absorbed by hemoglobin and pigmented tissue

61
Q

Absorption - Photothermal – Heat!
The principle laser:tissue interaction
Thermal effect is primarily the

A

water content and the temperature rise of the tissue. Ablation

62
Q

Stressed or ischemic cells: (disease, injury, aging)
• Mitochondria synthesize nitric oxide (NO)
• NO binds to cytochrome c oxidase and displaces oxygen
• Reduced ATP production
• Increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS)
• Increased oxidative stress and increased inflammation 69

A 
Mechanism of action – after LLLT
• Light absorption within the mitochondria (cytochrome c oxidase)
• NO is released, Oxygen is reabsorbed
• Increase in ATP production
• Reduction in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
• Reduction of inflammation
• Vasodilation, angiogenesis
• Biostimulation
63
Q

Factors affecting absorption

A

• Tissue type: swollen, bruised, dark skin, tattoos - red light very affected, IR far less affected
• Energy density = Joules/cm2
- equals power x time / area
• Continuous or pulsed • Wavelength

64
Q

For LLLT to be effective, irradiation parameters need to be

A

within certain ranges.

• No significant effect if power density is too low, or the time is too short.

65
Q

• LLLT healing benefits are lost if

A

power density is too high or time is too long.

OP 5 (5 decks)

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