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Oral Comm > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

In everyday conversations, a speaker expresses themselves…

A

naturally (i.e. relaxed, spontaneous, responsive)

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2
Q

Conversational skills most useful to a public speaker are:

A

1) speaking in a comfortable manner
2) listening and considering other perspectives
3) adapting constantly to feedback

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3
Q

Writing allows…

A

more accurate word choice, better organization/unity of message

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4
Q

Performance is NOT…

A

“putting on a show”

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5
Q

Aspects of Performance

A

1) voice
2) gestures
3) movement

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6
Q

Five Steps to Speech Preparation

A 
TIC PP 
Think 
Investigate
Compose
Practice
Present
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7
Q

Think (in the five steps to speech preparation)

A

select a topic that interests you and analyze the context and audience

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8
Q

Investigate (in the five steps to speech preparation)

A

research for resources and materials

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9
Q

Compose (in the five steps to speech preparation)

A

development and organization of speech materials

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10
Q

Practice (in the five steps to speech preparation)

A

preparation for oral performance

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11
Q

Present (in the five steps to speech preparation)

A

the culmination of all you work

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12
Q

Transactional Model of Communication

A
  • each person must send and receive messages
  • when receiving information, listener decodes and responds
  • communication occurs through channels
  • message is susceptible to noise at any point
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13
Q

Five Categories of Communication

A 
A) Intrapersonal 
B) Interpersonal 
C) Group
D) Public
E) Mass
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14
Q

Intrapersonal Communication

A

communication with yourself including spoken or unspoken thoughts

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15
Q

Interpersonal Communication

A

communication between two people to discuss a common issue, problem or objective

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16
Q

Group Communication

A

interactive communication between 3+ participants to discuss a common issue, problem or objective

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17
Q

Public Communication

A

speaker’s goal is to share ideas, information, beliefs with group

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18
Q

Mass Communication

A

communication employed by electronic medium to convey messages

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19
Q

Speech Anxiety

A

experiencing fear is normal and you can try to use that extra adrenaline to energize your speech by accepting your fear and getting in control

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20
Q

Physical responses to fear

A

sweating, shaking, quivering voice, faint/dizzy

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21
Q

Seeming incompetent

A

I will sound stupid.

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22
Q

Failing to reach personal ideals

A

I have failed once and will fail again.

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23
Q

Receiving negative feedback

A

My message will be rejected or ridiculed.

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24
Q

Tips for speech anxiety

A

experience, thinking positively, envisioning yourself succeeding, relaxation techniques (arm swings, neck rolls, deep breathing), no drugs or alcohol, choose a topic that excites you, know your intro and conclusion cold, make eye contact with friendly folks, remember audience will be forgiving/doesn’t know how nervous you are/know as much as you do

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25
Q

5 Categories of Listening

A
  1. Discriminative - identifying sounds or vocal cues
  2. Comprehensive - listening to develop vocabulary for reading, writing and speaking or to process or understand information
  3. Therapeutic - listening to discuss a problem with someone you trust or is a professional
  4. Critical - listening to gauge the credibility and completeness of a message and requires the most concentration, logic and reasoning skills
  5. Appreciative - listening for enjoyment, relaxation and pleasure
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26
Q

Types of distractions

A

External noise - physical distractions (room temp, sounds, odors, seating)
Internal Noise

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27
Q

External Noise

A

physical distractions (room temp, sounds, odor, seating)

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28
Q

Internal Noise

A

(1) physical - illness,pain,fatigue,stress

(2) psychological - antagonism, against your will, lack of concentration

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29
Q

Verbal Communication

A

vocal sounds and written symbols that convey thoughts and feelings

*goal is to reflect an appropriate message by avoiding slang/acronyms/jargon/loaded words/over generalizations/stereotypes

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30
Q

Slang, Acronyms, Jargon

A

includes specialized, technical vocabulary

31
Q

Loaded words

A

words that have assumed negative qualities

32
Q

Over Generalizations

A

“all men are…/I’m sure you all agree…”

33
Q

Stereotypes

A

pertaining to gender, race, religion, economic status, physical qualities, sexual orientation, political affiliation

34
Q

Confidence

A

confidence breeds confidence, being comfortable makes you feel confident

35
Q

Appearance

A

consider what your hairstyle, grooming and clothing will communicate to your audience

36
Q

Posture

A

stand straight, shoulders back, weight evenly distributed to both feet

37
Q

Gestures

A

these are the bodies “punctuation”, should be purposeful and impacting

38
Q

Eye contact

A

helps create a connection with audience and moving your gaze around the room, you are aware of nonverbal feedback that will help you gain confidence or adapt your speech to be more effective

39
Q

Facial expressions

A

maintain correlation between facial expressions and your message (smile)

40
Q

Distracting mannerism

A

become aware of distracting mannerisms so you can avoid them

41
Q

Movement/Time/Space

A

movements, add energy to a speech, can help your audience follow along, approach them to build a relationship, aware of how valuable the audiences time is

42
Q

General Speech Purpose

A 
to inform (explain/instruct/teach)
to persuade (influence/convince/motivate)
to evoke (entertain/inspire/celebrate)
43
Q

Three Phases of Practice

A

Development - talk about topic and determine if your ideas and wording make sense
Feedback - practice in front of others
Refinement - continue to go over it

44
Q

General speech topics

A

objects, people, issues, processes

45
Q

Audience reaction to topic

A

how much they know, interest level, beliefs/attitudes about your topic

46
Q

Audience reaction to speaker

A

a speaker can gain credibility by making message reflect audience’s attitudes/beliefs rather than their own

47
Q

Audience reaction to occasion

A

gauge the setting and adapt to make it the most effective

48
Q

Audience demographics

A 
G ender
R eligion
A ge
P olitical affiliation
E thnic/culture
S olio-economic status

S hed
H ealth
E ducation level
D isabilities

49
Q

Introduction needs to be…

A

strongest part of your speech

50
Q

AGD

A

Attention grabbing device - quote, story, question, fact, demonstration, humor, media clip

51
Q

Credibility/Relevance

A

simple statement that demonstrates your connection to the topic and why it should matter to your audience in order to motivate them to listen

52
Q

Thesis

A

detailed preview of main points (a declarative sentence that connects all the parts of the speech in a single line briefly summarize what you plan to say so that you r audience is aware of the chronology of your speech)

53
Q

Transition to body

A

Now…

First…

54
Q

Clear transition to conclusion

A

alert audience that your speech is wrapping up and you will tie up all the speech elements

55
Q

Re-state thesis

A

brief review of main points (paraphrase in conclusion)

56
Q

ALD

A

Attention Lasting Device - lasting quotes, stories, rhetorical questions

57
Q

Transitions

A

there are four effective ways to construct a transition

  • full sentences
  • posed in restate-forecast form
  • rhetorical sentences
  • words or phrases
58
Q

Organizational Arrangements

A

Chronological, Topical, Problem-Solution, Cause-Effect, Spatial-Geographic

59
Q

chronological

A

describes series of events in sequential order

60
Q

topical

A

used when points can be presented in order relative to other main points without changing the message

61
Q

problem-solution

A

demonstrates the nature and significance of a problem and then provides proposed solution(s)

62
Q

cause-effect

A

speaker presents underlying causes of issue and discusses the resulting effects

63
Q

spatial-geographic

A

describes/explains the physical arrangement of place or issue

64
Q

Four Methods of Delivery

A

manuscript, memorized, extemporaneous, impromptu

65
Q

Manuscript delivery

A

speech read verbatim from text written in advance (used when precise working is imperative so that speaker is not misquoted)

66
Q

Memorized delivery

A

prepared in advance and presented verbatim by memory (often used for special occasion speeches)

67
Q

Extemporaneous delivery

A

prepared in advance but is neither read word-for-word nor memorized (used when speaker wants to deliver their message naturally and conversationally)

68
Q

Impromptu delivery

A

speech given spontaneously, unpracticed, or improvised

69
Q

Acronym for effective delivery

A

DANCE
Direct language choices that are impacting yet simple
Animated voice and facial expressions
Natural language and gestures
Confident
Eye contact - maintain it naturally and confidently with your audience

70
Q

Vocal delivery acronym

A

VAPPPR
Volume - louder than normal conversation
Articulation - separate words to prevent mumbling
Pronunciation - say words correctly for credibility
Pitch - rising and falling of voice to add variety and keep audience’s attention
Pauses - can be used for emphasis
Rate/Speed - somewhat slower than normal

71
Q

Examples of presentational aids

A

objects, models, pictures, graphs/charts, video, audio, slideshow

72
Q

Purpose of presentational aids

A
  • to help audience understand a speakers message more clearly
  • to support information - but not to be the primary source of info
73
Q

Tips for presentational aids

A
  • pick presentational aids with wide appeal to suit the audiences varying methods of learning
  • prepare presentational aids ahead of time
  • use good judgement when introducing/explaining aids

Oral Comm (1 decks)

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